29 resultados para Infant baptism.
em Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal
Resumo:
The aim of this longitudinal studywas to investigate the effect of a set of factors from multiple levels of influence: infant temperament, infant regulatory behavior, and maternal sensitivity on infant’s attachment. Our sample consisted of 48 infants born prematurely and their mothers. At 1 and 3 months of age, mothers described their infants’behavior using the Escala de Temperamento do Beb´e. At 3 months of age, infants’ capacity to regulate stress was evaluated during Tronick’s Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm. At 9 months of age, mothers’ sensitivity was evaluated during free play using the CARE-Index. At 12 months of age, infants’ attachment security was assessed during Ainsworth’s Strange Situation. A total of 16 infants were classified as securely attached, 17 as insecure-avoidant, and 15 as insecure-resistant. Mothers of securely attached infantswere more likely than mothers of insecure infants to describe their infants as less difficult and to be more sensitive to their infants in free play. In turn, secure infants exhibited more positive responses during the Still-Face. Infants classified as insecureavoidant were more likely to self-comfort during the Still-Face and had mothers who were more controlling during free play. Insecure-resistant exhibited higher levels of negative arousal during the Still-Face and had mothers who were more unresponsive in free play. These findings show that attachment quality is influenced bymultiple factors, including infant temperament, coping behavior, and maternal sensitivity.
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Past studies found three types of infant coping behaviour during Face-to-Face Still-Face paradigm (FFSF): a Positive Other-Directed Coping; a Negative Other-Directed Coping and a Self-Directed Coping. In the present study, we investigated whether those types of coping styles are predicted by: infants’ physiological responses; maternal representations of their infant’s temperament; maternal interactive behaviour in free play; and infant birth and medical status. The sample consisted of 46, healthy, prematurely born infants and their mothers. At one month, infant heart rate was collected in basal. At three months old (corrected age), infant heart-rate was registered during FFSF episodes. Mothers described their infants’ temperament using a validated Portuguese temperament scale, at infants three months of corrected age. As well, maternal interactive behaviour was evaluated during a free play situation using CARE-Index. Our findings indicate that positive coping behaviours were correlated with gestational birth weight, heart rate (HR), gestational age, and maternal sensitivity in free play. Gestational age and maternal sensitivity predicted Positive Other-Direct Coping behaviours. Moreover, Positive Other-Direct coping was negatively correlated with HR during Still-Face Episode. Self-directed behaviours were correlated with HR during Still-Face Episode and Recover Episode and with maternal controlling/intrusive behaviour. However, only maternal behaviour predicted Self-direct coping. Early social responses seem to be affected by infants’ birth status and by maternal interactive behaviour. Therefore, internal and external factors together contribute to infant ability to cope and to re-engage after stressful social events.
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In order to study the impact of premature birth and low income on mother–infant interaction, four Portuguese samples were gathered: full-term, middle-class (n=99); premature, middle-class (n=63); full-term, low income (n=22); and premature, low income (n=21). Infants were filmed in a free play situation with their mothers, and the results were scored using the CARE Index. By means of multinomial regression analysis, social economic status (SES) was found to be the best predictor of maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior within a set of medical and social factors. Contrary to the expectations of the cumulative risk perspective, two factors of risk (premature birth together with low SES) were as negative for mother–infant interaction as low SES solely. In this study, as previous studies have shown, maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior were highly correlated, as was maternal control with infant compliance. Our results further indicate that, when maternal lack of responsiveness is high, the infant displays passive behavior, whereas when the maternal lack of responsiveness is medium, the infant displays difficult behavior. Indeed, our findings suggest that, in these cases, the link between types of maternal and infant interactive behavior is more dependent on the degree of maternal lack of responsiveness than it is on birth status or SES. The results will be discussed under a developmental and evolutionary reasoning
Resumo:
No quadro dos estudos sobre o relacionamento mãe-filho, procurámos averiguar a relação entre a reactividade infantil observada em condições de stress e a qualidade do comportamento interactivo infantil e materno em jogo livre. Para o efeito, seleccionámos uma amostrade 40 díades mãe-filho cujos bebés tinham cerca de 3 meses e não apresentavam nenhuma condição declarada de risco. A qualidade da interacção mãe-filho foi avaliada em jogo livre através da escala CARE-Index. Para testar a reactividade infantil submetemos os bebés à situação experimental Still-Face. Os resultados mostram que a reactividade infantil expressa naquela situação laboratorial não é independente do comportamento dos bebés em jogo livre. Com efeito, os bebés com maior dificuldade em conformar-se com a ausência de resposta materna apresentam um comportamento menos cooperativo e difícil em jogo livre. Em sentido inverso, os bebés que em jogo livre são menos participativos apresentam menores índices de reactividade negativa quando a mãe mantém a cara inexpressiva. Em termos diádicos, verificamos que existe uma forte correlação entre o comportamento cooperativo do bebé e a sensibilidade materna em jogo livre. Os resultados são discutidos no quadro do desenvolvimento dos processos de interacção mãe e filho.
Resumo:
O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo identificar na interação mãe- bebés de 3 meses, indicadores de risco e de qualidade e, consequentemente, criar um guião que ajude os profissionais a identificar esses mesmos indicadores. Para o efeito observámos 30 díades mãe-filho(a) em jogo livre distribuídas em dois grupos: 1) 12 díades sem condições assinaláveis de risco e 2) 18 díades em risco socioeconómico. O comportamento interativo dos bebés e das mães foi avaliado através do Child-Adult Relashionship Experimental, designado pela autora de CARE-Index (Crittenden, 2003). Os comportamentos maternos e infantis foram cotados de acordo com os 7 aspetos do comportamento diádico: Expressão Facial, Expressão Verbal, Posição e Contato Corporal, Afetividade, Reciprocidade, Diretividade e Escolha da Atividade. Os resultados do nosso estudo revelam que as díades mãe-filho(a) sem condições assinaláveis de risco apresentam interações mais positivas, recíprocas e ajustadas à idade das crianças do que as díades sujeitas a condições de risco e que o comportamento materno sensível e responsivo surge associado ao comportamento cooperativo infantil e negativamente correlacionado com a dificuldade infantil, enquanto que uma postura controladora, diretiva ou punitiva da mãe surge positivamente correlacionada com a submissão e evitamento infantil. Por fim, encontramos associados a comportamentos maternos sensíveis uma variabilidade de comportamentos infantis desde satisfação, coerção, procura de proximidade ou evitamento. Na discussão dos resultados apresentamos um script dos indicadores de qualidade e de risco do comportamento materno. - Abstract This study main goal was to study mother-infant quality of interaction in dyads with 3 months babies. Moreover, our goal was to explore maternal and infant key behaviors that shape the quality of the interaction in order to organize a script that helps professionals to identify these critical interactive behaviors. To this end we observed 30 mother-child dyads (a) in free play interaction divided into two groups: 1) 12 dyads without any known risk condition and 2) 18 dyads at socioeconomic risk. The interactive behavior of infants and mothers was assessed using the Child-Adult Relationship Experimental, designated by the author of CARE-Index (Crittenden, 2003). The maternal and infant behaviors were rated according to seven aspects of dyadic behavior: Facial Expression, Verbal Expression, Position and Contact Body, Affection, Reciprocity, Directivity and Choice of Activity. Findings indicate that mother-child dyads without know risk conditions are more likely to present positive interactions, reciprocal and age-adjusted than dyads at risk. The sensitive and responsive maternal behavior emerges associated with children's cooperative behavior and negatively correlated with infant difficultness, while a controlling or punitive maternal behavior is positively correlated with infant compliance and avoidance. Finally, sensitive maternal behaviors were associated with a variability of child behaviors, from satisfaction, coercion, avoidance or proximity search. In the results discussion we present a script of the quality and risks indicators of maternal behavior.
Resumo:
Tendo por principal objetivo contribuir para o estudo da qualidade das creches dos Concelhos de Setúbal e de Palmela, com este trabalho pretende-se (1) avaliar e descrever a qualidade de 30 salas de berçário através da aplicação da Escala de Avaliação do Ambiente de Creche – Edição Revista (Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale – Revised Edition [ITERS-R], Harms, Cryer, & Clifford, 2006), (2) avaliar e descrever as práticas de socialização dos prestadores de cuidados responsáveis pelas 30 salas de berçário através da aplicação da Escala de Interação do Prestador de Cuidados (Caregiver Interaction Scale [CIS], Arnett, 1989), (3) estudar a associação entre as práticas de socialização dos profissionais e a qualidade das salas de berçário, (4) estudar associações entre a qualidade das salas de berçário e as práticas de socialização dos profissionais e algumas variáveis de estrutura (rácio adulto/criança, tamanho do grupo, educação, formação e experiência dos prestadores de cuidados). Tendo em conta que os estudos efetuados em Portugal revelam qualidade inadequada e mínima nas salas de creche, os resultados obtidos no presente estudo sugerem que as salas observadas possuem qualidade entre o mínimo e o bom. Embora o presente estudo apresente resultados superiores, verificou-se que os itens que apresentam maiores fragilidades (áreas deficitárias), assim como os itens que expressam maior qualidade (áreas fortes) parecem convergir com os resultados das investigações já efetuadas, com efeito os itens relacionados com as subescalas Atividades e Rotinas de cuidados pessoais são os que apresentam os resultados mais preocupantes. A subescala Interação foi a que apresentou resultados superiores e as práticas de socialização dos prestadores de cuidados revelaram ser excelentes. Verificou-se, igualmente, que as salas orientadas por educadores de infância, assim como, as salas em que o principal prestador de cuidados era educador de infância revelaram qualidade superior do que salas orientadas por assistentes operacionais (auxiliares de ação educativa). Este efeito chama a atenção para a importância da formação e qualificação dos profissionais de educação, assim como, para a necessidade de se alterarem as políticas educativas, nomeadamente no que diz respeito à obrigatoriedade de existirem educadores de infância nas salas de berçário. - ABSTRACT With the main objective of contributing to the study of quality of infant/toddler center-based child care in the Counties of Setúbal and Palmela, this work aims to (1) assess and describe the quality of 30 infant classrooms by applying the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition ([ITERS-R], Harms, Cryer, & Clifford, 2006), (2) assess and describe the socialization practices of caregivers responsible for 30 infant classrooms by applying the Caregiver Interaction Scale ([CIS], Arnett, 1989), (3) study the association between the socialization practices of professionals and the quality of infant classrooms, (4) to study associations between the quality of infant classrooms and the socialization practices of professionals and some structure variables (ratio adult/child group size, education, training, and experience of carers). Considering that the studies carried out in Portugal reveal minimum or inadequate quality in infant/toddler center-based child care, the results of this study suggest that, in accordance with ITERS-R, the quality of the infant classrooms observed varies between minimum and good. Although the present study reports higher quality scores, it was found that items which present the biggest weaknesses (deficit areas) as well as the items which express higher quality (strengths) appear to converge with the results of the investigations already carried out, since the items related with subscales Activities and Personal Care Routines are those with the most worrisome results. The Interaction subscale from ITERS-R proved to be the one with higher scores, and socialization practices of caregivers proved to be excellent. It was also found that the rooms oriented by early childhood teachers, as well as the rooms in which the primary care provider was also guided by childhood teachers showed higher quality than when guided by operational assistants (educational activities assistants). This effect draws attention to the importance of the education professionals training and qualification, as well as the need for altering the educational policies, in particular as regards the obligation to ensure the existence of early childhood teachers in infant classrooms.
Resumo:
Estudou-se a relação entre a segurança da vinculação e a qualidade do processamento sensorial na primeira infância. Para o efeito, seleccionou-se uma amostra normativa de 40 díades mãe-bebé, com crianças entre os 11 e os 18 meses. Avaliou-se a qualidade da vinculação, observando a díade no procedimento Situação Estranha. Classificaram-se 17 (42,5%) das crianças no grupo de vinculação segura, sendo que as restantes 23 (57,5%) revelaram uma vinculação não segura. A qualidade do processamento sensorial avaliou-se através do Teste de Funções Sensoriais. Constatou-se que a segurança da vinculação infantil associava-se a um score agregando quatro factores ambientais (nível sócio-económico dos pais; existência de internamentos hospitalares; coeficiente de número de irmãos; local onde a criança passa o dia). O Teste de Funções Sensoriais não apresentou valor prognóstico relativamente ao tipo de vinculação. Porém, a boa qualidade no processamento da informação sensorial parece constituir um factor de resiliência no desenvolvimento da vinculação.
Expert opinion on best practice guidelines and competency framework for visual screening in children
Resumo:
PURPOSE: Screening programs to detect visual abnormalities in children vary among countries. The aim of this study is to describe experts' perception of best practice guidelines and competency framework for visual screening in children. METHODS: A qualitative focus group technique was applied during the Portuguese national orthoptic congress to obtain the perception of an expert panel of 5 orthoptists and 2 ophthalmologists with experience in visual screening for children (mean age 53.43 years, SD ± 9.40). The panel received in advance a script with the description of three tuning competencies dimensions (instrumental, systemic, and interpersonal) for visual screening. The session was recorded in video and audio. Qualitative data were analyzed using a categorical technique. RESULTS: According to experts' views, six tests (35.29%) have to be included in a visual screening: distance visual acuity test, cover test, bi-prism or 4/6(Δ) prism, fusion, ocular movements, and refraction. Screening should be performed according to the child age before and after 3 years of age (17.65%). The expert panel highlighted the influence of the professional experience in the application of a screening protocol (23.53%). They also showed concern about the false negatives control (23.53%). Instrumental competencies were the most cited (54.09%), followed by interpersonal (29.51%) and systemic (16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Orthoptists should have professional experience before starting to apply a screening protocol. False negative results are a concern that has to be more thoroughly investigated. The proposed framework focuses on core competencies highlighted by the expert panel. Competencies programs could be important do develop better screening programs.
Resumo:
Objective - To evaluate the effect of prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), energy and macronutrient intakes during pregnancy, and gestational weight gain (GWG) on the body composition of full-term appropriate-for-gestational age neonates. Study Design - This is a cross-sectional study of a systematically recruited convenience sample of mother-infant pairs. Food intake during pregnancy was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and its nutritional value by the Food Processor Plus (ESHA Research Inc, Salem, OR). Neonatal body composition was assessed both by anthropometry and air displacement plethysmography. Explanatory models for neonatal body composition were tested by multiple linear regression analysis. Results - A total of 100 mother-infant pairs were included. Prepregnancy overweight was positively associated with offspring weight, weight/length, BMI, and fat-free mass in the whole sample; in males, it was also positively associated with midarm circumference, ponderal index, and fat mass. Higher energy intake from carbohydrate was positively associated with midarm circumference and weight/length in the whole sample. Higher GWG was positively associated with weight, length, and midarm circumference in females. Conclusion - Positive adjusted associations were found between both prepregnancy BMI and energy intake from carbohydrate and offspring body size in the whole sample. Positive adjusted associations were also found between prepregnancy overweight and adiposity in males, and between GWG and body size in females.
Resumo:
Objectivo: Estabelecer valores de referência da robustez óssea nos primeiros dias de vida, em recém-nascidos de termo e pré-termo adequados para a idade de gestação nascidos em Portugal. Métodos: Foi medida a velocidade do som (VdS) (m/s) por ultrassonografia quantitativa, numa amostra sistemática de recém-nascidos adequados para a idade de gestação, de termo e pré-termo, respectivamente nos primeiros dois e cinco dias após o nascimento. Foi avaliada a homogeneidade de valores entre géneros e entre grupos de idade de gestação. Resultados: A amostra constou de 158 recém-nascidos, 34 de termo e 124 pré-termo (idade de gestação entre 26 a 41 semanas), com peso de nascimento de 595 g a 4195 g, 84 do sexo masculino (53,2%) e 20 gémeos (10,8%). A média da VdS aumenta significativamente com a idade de gestação. São providenciados valores de referência da VdS para os percentis 10, 25, 50, 75 e 90, para grupos de idade de gestação, sem distinção para o género. Conclusão: São disponibilizados valores de referência de VdS nos primeiros dias de vida, de recém-nascidos adequados para a idade de gestação, de termo e pré-termo, nascidos em Portugal. Estes valores reflectem a robustez óssea intrauterina e servem de referência basal para estudos evolutivos realizados em Portugal.
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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação Área de especialização em Intervenção Precoce
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Dissertação apresentada na Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação - Especialidade Intervenção Precoce
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Dissertação apresentada na Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação Especialidade Intervenção Precoce
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica
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Dissertação apresentada na Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências da Educação - Especialidade Intervenção Precoce