Meta-cinematic cultism: between high and low culture

ABSTRACT - Meta-cinema can depict film viewers’ attitudes towards cinema and their type of devotion for films. One subcategory of viewers - which I call meta-spectators - is highly specialized in its type of consumption, bordering on obsession. I contend that there are two main varieties of meta-cinematic reception, not altogether incompatible with one another, despite their apparent differences. As both of them are depicted on meta-cinematic products, the films themselves are the best evidence of my typology. My categories of film viewers are the ‘cinephile’, an elite prone to artistic militancy and the adoration of filmic masters; and the ‘fan’, a low culture consumer keen on certain filmic universes and their respective figures and motifs. I will base my rationale on four films that portray such reception practices: Travelling Avant (Jean-Charles Tacchella, 1987, FRA), The Dreamers (Bernardo Bertolucci, 2003, UK/FRA/ITA); Free Enterprise (Robert Mayer Burnett, 1998, USA); Fanboys (2009, Kyle Newman, USA).

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) as a potential industrial reference fluid for viscosity at high temperatures and high pressures: New viscosity, density and surface tension measurements

Tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) was recently suggested as a reference fluid for industrial use associated with high viscosity at elevated temperature and pressure. Viscosity and density data have already been published on one sample covering the temperature range (303-373) K and at pressures up to about 65 MPa. The viscosity covered a range from about (9 to 460) mPa s. In the present article we study several other characteristics of TOTM that must be available if it were to be adopted as a standard. First, we present values for the viscosity and density obtained with a different sample of TOTM to examine the important feature of consistency among different samples. Vibrating-wire viscosity measurements were performed at pressures from (5 to 100) MPa, along 6 isotherms between (303 and 373) K. Density measurements were carried out from (293 to 373) K up to 68 MPa, along 4 isotherms, using an Anton Paar DMA HP vibrating U-tube densimeter. Secondly, we report a study of the effect of water contamination on the viscosity of TOTM, performed using an Ubbelhode viscometer under atmospheric pressure. Finally, in order to support the use of TOTM as a reference liquid for the calibration of capillary viscometers, values of its surface tension, obtained by the pendant drop method, are provided. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.