Heterophoria, fusional amplitudes and stereoacuity in school aged children

The stability of binocular vision depends on good fusional amplitudes and its measurements provide information about the patient’s ability to cope with a deviation. However, weak correlations between fusional amplitudes and angle of deviation have been reported in the literature. There are no uniform normative values of fusional amplitudes, even though standards for vergence have been established since 1940s. Aims: 1) Determine the prevalence of heterephoria; 2) Determine the relationship between heterophoria, fusional amplitudes and stereoacuity in children.

Análise de vibrações em caixas redutoras

A vibração em equipamento industrial pode ser tanto um sinal de que o equipamento está a funcionar normalmente como pode revelar que o mesmo apresenta problemas. É assim importante que o técnico de manutenção consiga distinguir entre níveis normais e aceitáveis de vibração e os que requerem atenção imediata para monitorar. Nesta dissertação é estudado o problema de análise de vibrações em caixas redutoras - uma em bom estado e outra com desgaste no par de engrenagens. A escolha desta dissertação prende-se com a importância e uso generalizado de caixas de engrenagens - neste caso de caixas redutoras - nas grandes indústrias. Como tal, hoje em dia, as caixas redutoras estão geralmente providas de sistema de monitorização “online” que alertam o técnico responsável de quando algo foge dos parâmetros definidos pelo utilizador - aumento súbito de temperatura, de amplitude de vibração, entre outros. Esta dissertação pretende assim responder a algumas questões pertinentes: • Como responde uma caixa redutora quando se variam os parâmetros de velocidade e carga e como as variações dos mesmos se traduzem nos espectros de frequência? • Qual dos parâmetros - velocidade e carga - tem uma maior influência nas amplitudes de vibração registadas para as várias frequências típicas de uma caixa redutora? • O que é registado ao nível do espectro de frequências, no estudo de uma caixa redutora com o defeito de desgaste? • A teoria consultada para as caixas redutoras é comparável com os dados obtidos na prática? • Porquê a importância de utilizar a análise de vibrações quando se monitorizam caixas redutoras? Para ajudar a responder estas questões foi utilizada uma aplicação designada de Enlive, um programa de controlo de condição de máquinas para sistemas “online” - ou seja, para sistemas em contínua monitorização. A análise dos sinais provenientes das caixas redutoras foi realizada com recurso à transformada rápida de Fourier - Fast Fourier Trabsform. No fim da realização desta dissertação foi possível responder a todos os pontos referidos anteriormente. Foi possível confirmar a maior importância do factor carga no aumento da amplitude de engrenamento, harmónicas e bandas laterais. Este aumento é mais pronunciado no caso da caixa redutora com desgaste. A análise de vibrações assume-se assim, mais uma vez, como uma ferramenta importante no diagnóstico de avarias, permitindo poupar tempo e recursos - tanto financeiros como humanos - e salvaguardar a contínua eficácia e produtividade de uma empresa, pois permite diminuir o tempo que uma máquina não se encontra em funcionamento.

Modelling of n-stage Blumlein stacked lines for bipolar pulse generation

A Blumlein line is a particular Pulse Forming Line, PFL, configuration that allows the generation of high-voltage sub-microsecond square pulses, with the same voltage amplitude as the dc charging voltage, into a matching load. By stacking n Blumlein lines one can multiply in theory by n the input dc voltage charging amplitude. In order to understand the operating behavior of this electromagnetic system and to further optimize its operation it is fundamental to theoretically model it, that is to calculate the voltage amplitudes at each circuit point and the time instant that happens. In order to do this, one needs to define the reflection and transmission coefficients where impedance discontinuity occurs. The experimental results of a fast solid-state switch, which discharges a three stage Blumlein stack, will be compared with theoretical ones.

Filling and wetting transitions of nematic liquid crystals on sinusoidal substrates

Close to sinusoidal substrates, simple fluids may undergo a filling transition, in which the fluid passes from a dry to a filled state, where the interface remains unbent but bound to the substrate. Increasing the surface field, the interface unbinds and a wetting transition occurs. We show that this double-transition sequence may be strongly modified in the case of ordered fluids, such as nematic liquid crystals. Depending on the preferred orientation of the nematic molecules at the structured substrate and at the isotropic-nematic interface, the filling transition may not exist, and the fluid passes directly from a dry to a complete-wet state, with the interface far from the substrate. More interestingly, in other situations, the complete wetting transition may be prevented, and the fluid passes from a dry to a filled state, and remains in this configuration, with the interface always attached to the substrate, even for very large surface fields. Both transitions are observed only for a same substrate in a narrow range of amplitudes.

Metastability bounds on the two Higgs doublet model

In the two Higgs doublet model, there is the possibility that the vacuum where the universe resides in is metastable. We present the tree-level bounds on the scalar potential parameters which have to be obeyed to prevent that situation. Analytical expressions for those bounds are shown for the most used potential, that with a softly broken Z(2) symmetry. The impact of those bounds on the model's phenomenology is discussed in detail, as well as the importance of the current LHC results in determining whether the vacuum we live in is or is not stable. We demonstrate how the vacuum stability bounds can be obtained for the most generic CP-conserving potential, and provide a simple method to implement them.

Alterações da curvatura da coluna vertebral: influência da fisioterapia, a nível neuromuscular

Mestrado em Fisioterapia

FMRI 3D registration based on Fourier space subsets using neural networks

In this work, we present a neural network (NN) based method designed for 3D rigid-body registration of FMRI time series, which relies on a limited number of Fourier coefficients of the images to be aligned. These coefficients, which are comprised in a small cubic neighborhood located at the first octant of a 3D Fourier space (including the DC component), are then fed into six NN during the learning stage. Each NN yields the estimates of a registration parameter. The proposed method was assessed for 3D rigid-body transformations, using DC neighborhoods of different sizes. The mean absolute registration errors are of approximately 0.030 mm in translations and 0.030 deg in rotations, for the typical motion amplitudes encountered in FMRI studies. The construction of the training set and the learning stage are fast requiring, respectively, 90 s and 1 to 12 s, depending on the number of input and hidden units of the NN. We believe that NN-based approaches to the problem of FMRI registration can be of great interest in the future. For instance, NN relying on limited K-space data (possibly in navigation echoes) can be a valid solution to the problem of prospective (in frame) FMRI registration.

Dynamic peripheral visual performance relates to alpha activity in soccer players

Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between the alpha activity and the central visual ability, in which the visual ability is usually assessed through static stimuli. Besides static circumstance, however in the real environment there are often dynamic changes and the peripheral visual ability in a dynamic environment (i.e., dynamic peripheral visual ability) is important for all people. So far, no work has reported whether there is a relationship between the dynamic peripheral visual ability and the alpha activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate their relationship. Sixty-two soccer players performed a newly designed peripheral vision task in which the visual stimuli were dynamic, while their EEG signals were recorded from Cz, O1, and O2 locations. The relationship between the dynamic peripheral visual performance and the alpha activity was examined by the percentage-bend correlation test. The results indicated no significant correlation between the dynamic peripheral visual performance and the alpha amplitudes in the eyes-open and eyes-closed resting condition. However, it was not the case for the alpha activity during the peripheral vision task: the dynamic peripheral visual performance showed significant positive inter-individual correlations with the amplitudes in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) and the individual alpha band (IAB) during the peripheral vision task. A potential application of this finding is to improve the dynamic peripheral visual performance by up-regulating alpha activity using neuromodulation techniques.

Characterization and performance analysis of a VDFLL GNSS receiver architecture

A non-coherent vector delay/frequency-locked loop architecture for GNSS receivers is proposed. Two dynamics models are considered: PV (position and velocity) and PVA (position, velocity, and acceleration). In contrast with other vector architectures, the proposed approach does not require the estimation of signals amplitudes. Only coarse estimates of the carrier-to-noise ratios are necessary.

Modeling of a solid-state bipolar blumlein generator for N stages

This paper models an n-stage stacked Blumlein generator for bipolar pulses for various load conditions. Calculation of the voltage amplitudes in time domain at the load and between stages is described for an n-stage generator. For this, the reflection and transmission coefficients are mathematically modeled where impedance discontinuity occurs (i.e., at the junctions between two transmission lines). The mathematical model developed is assessed by comparing simulation results to experimental data from a two-stage Blumlein solid-state prototype.

Comparação do movimento respiratório adquirido com TC 4D e com o sistema Calypso em cancro de pulmão: estudo de caso

Objetivo do estudo - Comparar as amplitudes respiratórias segundo os eixos x, y e z adquiridos com a tomografia computorizada (TC) 4D e o sistema Calypso® em cancro de pulmão.