11 resultados para Gross national product

em Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal


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Mestrado em Contabilidade e Análise Financeira

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Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras

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Formaldehyde (CH2O), the most simple and reactive aldehyde, is a colorless, reactive and readily polymerizing gas at room temperature (National Toxicology Program [NTP]. It has a pungent suffocating odor that is recognized by most human subjects at concentrations below 1 ppm. Aleksandr Butlerov synthesized the chemical in 1859, but it was August Wilhelm von Hofmann who identified it as the product formed from passing methanol and air over a heated platinum spiral in 1867. This method is still the basis for the industrial production of formaldehyde today, in which methanol is oxidized using a metal catalyst. By the early 20th century, with the explosion of knowledge in chemistry and physics, coupled with demands for more innovative synthetic products, the scene was set for the birth of a new material–plastics. According to the Report on Carcinogens, formaldehyde ranks 25th in the overall U.S. chemical production, with more than 5 million tons produced each year. Formaldehyde annual production rises up to 21 million tons worldwide and it has increased in China with 7.5 million tons produced in 2007. Given its economic importance and widespread use, many people are exposed to formaldehyde environmentally and/or occupationally. Commercially, formaldehyde is manufactured as an aqueous solution called formalin, usually containing 37% by weight of dissolved formaldehyde. This chemical is present in all regions of the atmosphere arising from the oxidation of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons. Formaldehyde concentration levels range typically from 2 to 45 ppbV (parts per billion in a given volume) in urban settings that are mainly governed by primary emissions and secondary formation.

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In this paper we consider the monoid OR(n) of all full transformations on a chain with n elements that preserve or reverse the orientation, as well as its submonoids OD(n) of all order-preserving or order-reversing elements, OP(n) of all orientation-preserving elements and O(n) of all order-preserving elements. By making use of some well known presentations, we show that each of these four monoids is a quotient of a bilateral semidirectproduct of two of its remarkable submonoids.

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ABSTRACT - Tinea pedis and onychomycosis are two rather diverse clinical manifestations of superficial fungal infections, and their etiologic agents may be dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte moulds or yeasts. This study was designed to statistically describe the data obtained as results of analysis conducted during a four year period on the frequency of Tinea pedis and onychomycosis and their etiologic agents. A questionnaire was distributed from 2006 to 2010 and answered by 186 patients, who were subjected to skin and/or nail sampling. Frequencies of the isolated fungal species were cross-linked with the data obtained with the questionnaire, seeking associations and predisposing factors. One hundred and sixty three fungal isolates were obtained, 24.2% of which composed by more than one fungal species. Most studies report the two pathologies as caused primarily by dermatophytes, followed by yeasts and lastly by non-dermatophytic moulds. Our study does not challenge this trend. We found a frequency of 15.6% of infections caused by dermatophytes (with a total of 42 isolates) of which T. rubrum was the most frequent species (41.4%). There was no significant association (p >0.05) among visible injury and the independent variables tested, namely age, gender, owning pet, education, swimming pools attendance, sports activity and clinical information. Unlike other studies, the variables considered did not show the expected influence on dermatomycosis of the lower limbs. It is hence necessary to conduct further studies to specifically identify which variables do in fact influence such infections.

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Todos os anos, milhares de pessoas morrem vítimas de doenças causadas pelo consumo de produtos derivados do tabaco, este é considerado a principal causa de morte evitável. O tabaco também colabora com as seis das oito principais causas de mortes entre fumantes e não fumantes a nível mundial. Algumas medidas governamentais como as campanhas publicitárias antitabagistas, buscam alertar, conscientizar e mudar o pensamento e o interesse coletivo neste tipo de produto e consequentemente, diminuir a taxa de consumo. Avaliar se as crenças, pensamentos e atitudes dos brasileiros são influenciados por este tipo de publicidade e se o comportamento relacionado a não fumar ou deixar de fumar é uma consequência da persuasão das mensagens antitabagistas, ajudam a conhecer o real impacto destas campanhas e sua eficácia. Através dos métodos de investigação quantitativo e qualitativo e das análises extensiva e semiótica, a pesquisa inquiriu 272 indivíduos brasileiros à respeito das advertências sanitárias e das campanhas publicitárias antitabagistas, classificando-os como não fumantes, ex-fumantes e fumantes, identificando os elementos visuais e textuais que compõem a narrativa publicitária de 5 anúncios antitabagistas. Após a análise, a pesquisa concluiu que as campanhas publicitárias coordenadas pelo INCA – Instituto Nacional de Câncer, denominadas campanhas antitabagistas, são eficazes para alertar e conscientizar os indivíduos sobre os males causados pelo consumo do cigarro mas ineficazes para influenciar suas atitudes e comportamentos. Embora estas consigam persuadir à crença nas mensagens, fazendo com que os indivíduos as vejam como verdadeira, isto não é suficiente para que a intenção de deixar de fumar torne-se um ato prático. Todos os anúncios possuem o mesmo formato e a maioria utilizou o mesmo percurso visual, equilíbrio, enquadramento, luz, ângulo e função do personagem. Todos possuem textos com funções identificadora, ancoragem e apoio e a narrativa conota o cigarro como algo negativo, prejudicial, mortífero e destruidor.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Edificações

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Trabalho de Dissertação de Natureza Científica para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Hidráulica

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Mestrado em Fiscalidade

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Dissertação para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Let F be a field with at least four elements. In this paper, we identify all the pairs (A, B) of n x n nonsingular matrices over F, satisfying the following property: for every monic polynomial f (x) = x(n) + a(n-1)x(n-1) +... + a(1)x + a(0) over F, with a root in F and a(0) = (-1)(n) det(AB), there are nonsingular matrices X, Y is an element of F-nxn such that XAX(-1)Y BY-1 has characteristic polynomial f (x).