Developmental and evolutionary assumptions in a study about the impact of premature birth and low income on mother–infant interaction

In order to study the impact of premature birth and low income on mother–infant interaction, four Portuguese samples were gathered: full-term, middle-class (n=99); premature, middle-class (n=63); full-term, low income (n=22); and premature, low income (n=21). Infants were filmed in a free play situation with their mothers, and the results were scored using the CARE Index. By means of multinomial regression analysis, social economic status (SES) was found to be the best predictor of maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior within a set of medical and social factors. Contrary to the expectations of the cumulative risk perspective, two factors of risk (premature birth together with low SES) were as negative for mother–infant interaction as low SES solely. In this study, as previous studies have shown, maternal sensitivity and infant cooperative behavior were highly correlated, as was maternal control with infant compliance. Our results further indicate that, when maternal lack of responsiveness is high, the infant displays passive behavior, whereas when the maternal lack of responsiveness is medium, the infant displays difficult behavior. Indeed, our findings suggest that, in these cases, the link between types of maternal and infant interactive behavior is more dependent on the degree of maternal lack of responsiveness than it is on birth status or SES. The results will be discussed under a developmental and evolutionary reasoning

A Service Integration Platform for Collaborative Networks

Integrated manufacturing constitutes a complex system made of heterogeneous information and control subsystems. Those subsystems are not designed to the cooperation. Typically each subsystem automates specific processes, and establishes closed application domains, therefore it is very difficult to integrate it with other subsystems in order to respond to the needed process dynamics. Furthermore, to cope with ever growing marketcompetition and demands, it is necessary for manufacturing/enterprise systems to increase their responsiveness based on up-to-date knowledge and in-time data gathered from the diverse information and control systems. These have created new challenges for manufacturing sector, and even bigger challenges for collaborative manufacturing. The growing complexity of the information and communication technologies when coping with innovative business services based on collaborative contributions from multiple stakeholders, requires novel and multidisciplinary approaches. Service orientation is a strategic approach to deal with such complexity, and various stakeholders' information systems. Services or more precisely the autonomous computational agents implementing the services, provide an architectural pattern able to cope with the needs of integrated and distributed collaborative solutions. This paper proposes a service-oriented framework, aiming to support a virtual organizations breeding environment that is the basis for establishing short or long term goal-oriented virtual organizations. The notion of integrated business services, where customers receive some value developed through the contribution from a network of companies is a key element.

Sistemas de seguro nacional de saúde e respostas às legitimas expectativas dos cidadãos

Os sistemas de saúde assumem a responsabilidade não só de melhorar a saúde das populações mas também de as proteger do custo da doença e de as tratar com dignidade. Tendo por base as três dimensões que definem os sistemas de saúde (regulação, financiamento e prestação), e que cada dimensão pode ser dominada por três tipos de atores (estado, social e privado), no âmbito deste trabalho é nosso propósito estudar os sistemas de saúde de tipo Seguro Nacional de Saúde (nomeadamente dos países como o Canadá, a Austrália, a Nova Zelândia e a Irlanda), na perspetiva das respostas às legitimas expectativas dos cidadãos. Assim, iremos proceder a uma revisão da literatura para chegarmos aos objetivos específicos: (i) descrever sucintamente os sistemas de saúde baseados no seguro nacional de saúde, onde se podem incluir a Austrália, Canadá, Irlanda e Nova Zelândia; (ii) caracterizar o conceito de responsiveness; (iii) identificar a presença da responsiveness nestes sistemas. A forma como os sistemas de saúde interagem com as pessoas é determinante para o seu bem estar. Avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de saúde não se limita à avaliação dos resultados em saúde mas também no respeito e integração dos princípios éticos e dos direitos humanos.