41 resultados para Flavor changing neutral current
em Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal
Resumo:
We study the effect that flavor-changing neutral current interactions of the top quark will have on the branching ratio of charged decays of the top quark. We have performed an integrated analysis using Tevatron and B-factories data and with just the further assumption that the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is unitary, we can obtain very restrictive bounds on the strong and electroweak flavor-changing neutral current branching ratios Br(t -> qX)< 4.0x10(-4), where X is any vector boson and a sum in q=u, c is implied.
Resumo:
We classify all possible implementations of an Abelian symmetry in the two-Higgs-doublet model with fermions. We identify those symmetries which are consistent with nonvanishing quark masses and a Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark-mixing matrix (CKM), which is not block-diagonal. Our analysis takes us from a plethora of possibilities down to 246 relevant cases, requiring only 34 distinct matrix forms. We show that applying Z(n) with n >= 4 to the scalar sector leads to a continuous U(1) symmetry in the whole Lagrangian. Finally, we address the possibilities of spontaneous CP violation and of natural suppression of the flavor-changing neutral currents. We explain why our work is relevant even for non-Abelian symmetries.
Resumo:
We examine the constraints on the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) due to the stability of the scalar potential and absence of Landau poles at energy scales below the Planck scale. We employ the most general 2HDM that incorporates an approximately Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson with a flavor aligned Yukawa sector to eliminate potential tree-level Higgs-mediated flavor changing neutral currents. Using basis independent techniques, we exhibit robust regimes of the 2HDM parameter space with a 125 GeV SM-like Higgs boson that is stable and perturbative up to the Planck scale. Implications for the heavy scalar spectrum are exhibited.
Resumo:
We discuss theoretical and phenomenological aspects of two-Higgs-doublet extensions of the Standard Model. In general, these extensions have scalar mediated flavour changing neutral currents which are strongly constrained by experiment. Various strategies are discussed to control these flavour changing scalar currents and their phenomenological consequences are analysed. In particular, scenarios with natural flavour conservation are investigated, including the so-called type I and type II models as well as lepton-specific and inert models. Type III models are then discussed, where scalar flavour changing neutral currents are present at tree level, but are suppressed by either a specific ansatz for the Yukawa couplings or by the introduction of family symmetries leading to a natural suppression mechanism. We also consider the phenomenology of charged scalars in these models. Next we turn to the role of symmetries in the scalar sector. We discuss the six symmetry-constrained scalar potentials and their extension into the fermion sector. The vacuum structure of the scalar potential is analysed, including a study of the vacuum stability conditions on the potential and the renormalization-group improvement of these conditions is also presented. The stability of the tree level minimum of the scalar potential in connection with electric charge conservation and its behaviour under CP is analysed. The question of CP violation is addressed in detail, including the cases of explicit CP violation and spontaneous CP violation. We present a detailed study of weak basis invariants which are odd under CP. These invariants allow for the possibility of studying the CP properties of any two-Higgs-doublet model in an arbitrary Higgs basis. A careful study of spontaneous CP violation is presented, including an analysis of the conditions which have to be satisfied in order for a vacuum to violate CP. We present minimal models of CP violation where the vacuum phase is sufficient to generate a complex CKM matrix, which is at present a requirement for any realistic model of spontaneous CP violation.
Resumo:
We write down the renormalization-group equations for the Yukawa-coupling matrices in a general multi-Higgs-doublet model. We then assume that the matrices of the Yukawa couplings of the various Higgs doublets to right-handed fermions of fixed quantum numbers are all proportional to each other. We demonstrate that, in the case of the two-Higgs-doublet model, this proportionality is preserved by the renormalization-group running only in the cases of the standard type-I, II, X, and Y models. We furthermore show that a similar result holds even when there are more than two Higgs doublets: the Yukawa-coupling matrices to fermions of a given electric charge remain proportional under the renormalization-group running if and only if there is a basis for the Higgs doublets in which all the fermions of a given electric charge couple to only one Higgs doublet.
Resumo:
Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde - Área de especialização: Políticas de Administração e Gestão de Serviços de Saúde.
Resumo:
We present a two-Higgs-doublet model, with a Z(3) symmetry, in which CP violation originates solely in a soft (dimension-2) coupling in the scalar potential, and reveals itself solely in the CKM (quark mixing) matrix. In particular, in the mass basis the Yukawa interactions of the neutral scalars are all real. The model has only eleven parameters to fit the six quark masses and the four independent CKM-matrix observables. We find regions of parameter space in which the flavour-changing neutral couplings are so suppressed that they allow the scalars to be no heavier than a few hundred GeV. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
The most general Two Higgs Doublet Model potential without explicit CP violation depends on 10 real independent parameters. Excluding spontaneous CP violation results in two 7 parameter models. Although both models give rise to 5 scalar particles and 2 mixing angles, the resulting phenomenology of the scalar sectors is different. If flavour changing neutral currents at tree level are to be avoided, one has, in both cases, four alternative ways of introducing the fermion couplings. In one of these models the mixing angle of the CP even sector can be chosen in such a way that the fermion couplings to the lightest scalar Higgs boson vanishes. At the same time it is possible to suppress the fermion couplings to the charged and pseudo-scalar Higgs bosons by appropriately choosing the mixing angle of the CP odd sector. We investigate the phenomenology of both models in the fermiophobic limit and present the different branching ratios for the decays of the scalar particles. We use the present experimental results from the LEP collider to constrain the models.
Resumo:
We present a generator for single top-quark production via flavour-changing neutral currents. The MEtop event generator allows for Next-to-Leading-Order direct top production pp -> t and Leading-Order production of several other single top processes. A few packages with definite sets of dimension six operators are available. We discuss how to improve the bounds on the effective operators and how well new physics can be probed with each set of independent dimension six operators.
Resumo:
Multilevel power converters have been introduced as the solution for high-power high-voltage switching applications where they have well-known advantages. Recently, full back-to-back connected multilevel neutral point diode clamped converters (NPC converter) have been used inhigh-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. Bipolar-connected back-to-back NPC converters have advantages in long-distance HVDCtransmission systems over the full back-to-back connection, but greater difficulty to balance the dc capacitor voltage divider on both sending and receiving end NPC converters. This study shows that power flow control and dc capacitor voltage balancing are feasible using fast optimum-predictive-based controllers in HVDC systems using bipolar back-to-back-connected five-level NPC multilevel converters. For both converter sides, the control strategytakes in account active and reactive power, which establishes ac grid currents in both ends, and guarantees the balancing of dc bus capacitor voltages inboth NPC converters. Additionally, the semiconductor switching frequency is minimised to reduce switching losses. The performance and robustness of the new fast predictive control strategy, and its capability to solve the DC capacitor voltage balancing problem of bipolar-connected back-to-back NPCconverters are evaluated.
Resumo:
Agência Financiadora: Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PEst-OE/FIS/UI0777/2013; CERN/FP/123580/2011; PTDC/FIS-NUC/0548/2012
Resumo:
Today, information overload and the lack of systems that enable locating employees with the right knowledge or skills are common challenges that large organisations face. This makes knowledge workers to re-invent the wheel and have problems to retrieve information from both internal and external resources. In addition, information is dynamically changing and ownership of data is moving from corporations to the individuals. However, there is a set of web based tools that may cause a major progress in the way people collaborate and share their knowledge. This article aims to analyse the impact of ‘Web 2.0’ on organisational knowledge strategies. A comprehensive literature review was done to present the academic background followed by a review of current ‘Web 2.0’ technologies and assessment of their strengths and weaknesses. As the framework of this study is oriented to business applications, the characteristics of the involved segments and tools were reviewed from an organisational point of view. Moreover, the ‘Enterprise 2.0’ paradigm does not only imply tools but also changes the way people collaborate, the way the work is done (processes) and finally impacts on other technologies. Finally, gaps in the literature in this area are outlined.
Resumo:
Reinforcement Learning is an area of Machine Learning that deals with how an agent should take actions in an environment such as to maximize the notion of accumulated reward. This type of learning is inspired by the way humans learn and has led to the creation of various algorithms for reinforcement learning. These algorithms focus on the way in which an agent’s behaviour can be improved, assuming independence as to their surroundings. The current work studies the application of reinforcement learning methods to solve the inverted pendulum problem. The importance of the variability of the environment (factors that are external to the agent) on the execution of reinforcement learning agents is studied by using a model that seeks to obtain equilibrium (stability) through dynamism – a Cart-Pole system or inverted pendulum. We sought to improve the behaviour of the autonomous agents by changing the information passed to them, while maintaining the agent’s internal parameters constant (learning rate, discount factors, decay rate, etc.), instead of the classical approach of tuning the agent’s internal parameters. The influence of changes on the state set and the action set on an agent’s capability to solve the Cart-pole problem was studied. We have studied typical behaviour of reinforcement learning agents applied to the classic BOXES model and a new form of characterizing the environment was proposed using the notion of convergence towards a reference value. We demonstrate the gain in performance of this new method applied to a Q-Learning agent.
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Nos tempos actuais os equipamentos para Aquecimento Ventilação e Ar Condicionado (AVAC) ocupam um lugar de grande importância na concepção, desenvolvimento e manutenção de qualquer edifício por mais pequeno que este seja. Assim, surge a necessidade premente de racionalizar os consumos energéticos optimizando-os. A alta fiabilidade desejada nestes sistemas obriga-nos cada vez mais a descobrir formas de tornar a sua manutenção mais eficiente, pelo que é necessário prevenir de uma forma proactiva todas as falhas que possam prejudicar o bom desempenho destas instalações. Como tal, torna-se necessário detectar estas falhas/anomalias, sendo imprescíndivel que nos antecipemos a estes eventos prevendo o seu acontecimento num horizonte temporal pré-definido, permitindo actuar o mais cedo possível. É neste domínio que a presente dissertação tenta encontrar soluções para que a manutenção destes equipamentos aconteça de uma forma proactiva e o mais eficazmente possível. A ideia estruturante é a de tentar intervir ainda numa fase incipiente do problema, alterando o comportamento dos equipamentos monitorizados, de uma forma automática, com recursos a agentes inteligentes de diagnóstico de falhas. No caso em estudo tenta-se adaptar de forma automática o funcionamento de uma Unidade de Tratamento de Ar (UTA) aos desvios/anomalias detectadas, promovendo a paragem integral do sistema apenas como último recurso. A arquitectura aplicada baseia-se na utilização de técnicas de inteligência artificial, nomeadamente dos sistemas multiagente. O algoritmo utilizado e testado foi construído em Labview®, utilizando um kit de ferramentas de controlo inteligente para Labview®. O sistema proposto é validado através de um simulador com o qual se conseguem reproduzir as condições reais de funcionamento de uma UTA.
Resumo:
O crescimento da utilização de accionamentos electromecânicos de velocidade variável entre outros dispositivos que necessitam de tensões elevadas, na ordem dos kV e com elevados níveis de qualidade, despertou o interesse pelos conversores multinível. Este tipo de conversor consegue alcançar elevadas tensões de funcionamento e simultaneamente melhorar a qualidade das formas de onda de tensão e corrente nas respectivas fases. Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objectivo apresentar um estudo sobre o conversor multinível com díodos de ligação ao neutro (NPC – neutral point clamped), de cinco níveis utilizado como ondulador de tensão ligado à rede. O trabalho começa por desenvolver o modelo matemático do conversor multinível com díodos de ligação ao neutro de cinco níveis e a respectiva interligação com a rede eléctrica. Com base no modelo do conversor são realizadas simulações numéricas desenvolvidas em Matlab-Simulink. Para controlo do trânsito de energia no conversor é utilizando controlo por modo de deslizamento aplicado às correntes nas fases. As simulações efectuadas são comparadas com resultados de simulação obtidos para um ondulador clássico de dois níveis. Resultados de simulação do conversor multinível são posteriormente comparados com resultados experimentais para diferentes valores de potências activa e reactiva. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo experimental de um conversor multinível com díodos de ligação ao neutro de cinco níveis e a respectiva electrónica associada para comando e disparo dos semicondutores de potência.