Supervisão como um “TEAR”

Tomando como ponto de partida e de chegada a metáfora do “tear” utilizada por uma das supervisoras entrevistadas neste estudo descrevem-se estratégias e práticas de supervisão do ponto de vista das supervisoras e das respectivas supervisandas. Descrevem-se estratégias de “scaffolding” (colocar andaimes) numa perspectiva individual e sistémica, envolvendo todos os adultos em processos de aprendizagem para a melhoria da qualidade pedagógica. Estas estratégias são descritas usando a metáfora inicial do “tear”. Fornece-se suporte teórico para o uso destas metáforas.

Controlo de programa de manutenção de aeronaves: variante estruturas e sistemas

No sentido de contribuir para a optimização do programa de manutenção da frota Fokker 100 (F100) da PGA – Portugália Airline(PGA), no que se refere à sua eficácia e controlo, realizou-se um estudo que envolveu a aquisição de dados de operação e a recolha de informação (anomalias) de diversos protocolos de inspecções. Pretendeu-se ainda documentar alguns dos fluxos de trabalho, utilizados pela divisão de Engenharia, directamente relacionados com a gestão do programa de manutenção da frota em estudo. Através dos dados obtidos, foi possível proceder-se à equalização dos protocolos de inspecção do “tipo A”, reduzindo-se, em média, 12 cartas e 4 horas de trabalho por protocolo de trabalho. Efectuou-se uma análise pormenorizada da viabilidade da extensão de âmbito de certificação de manutenção, através do qual a PGA passará a estar certificada pelo INAC a cumprir protocolos de inspecção do “tipo C1”1. Esta avaliação compreendeu: agrupamentos de tarefas, listagem de ferramentas especiais e listagem de unidades e consumíveis necessários. Desenvolveu-se ainda um método para controlo automático de tarefas do programa de manutenção, que apresentam threshold (<48800 FC). O objectivo final deste trabalho, tendo em linha de conta, para além do acima referenciado, os escalonamentos preconizados pelo fabricante Fokker, e todas as alterações resultantes da análise de incidentes técnicos e de fiabilidade, consistiu em propor aos responsáveis pelo Departamento de Engenharia e ao Director de Manutenção e Engenharia uma lista de alterações ao programa de manutenção em vigor, para sua análise e posterior submissão ao INAC para conhecimento e aprovação.

Equilibrium self-assembly of colloids with distinct interaction sites: Thermodynamics, percolation, and cluster distribution functions

We calculate the equilibrium thermodynamic properties, percolation threshold, and cluster distribution functions for a model of associating colloids, which consists of hard spherical particles having on their surfaces three short-ranged attractive sites (sticky spots) of two different types, A and B. The thermodynamic properties are calculated using Wertheim's perturbation theory of associating fluids. This also allows us to find the onset of self-assembly, which can be quantified by the maxima of the specific heat at constant volume. The percolation threshold is derived, under the no-loop assumption, for the correlated bond model: In all cases it is two percolated phases that become identical at a critical point, when one exists. Finally, the cluster size distributions are calculated by mapping the model onto an effective model, characterized by a-state-dependent-functionality (f) over bar and unique bonding probability (p) over bar. The mapping is based on the asymptotic limit of the cluster distributions functions of the generic model and the effective parameters are defined through the requirement that the equilibrium cluster distributions of the true and effective models have the same number-averaged and weight-averaged sizes at all densities and temperatures. We also study the model numerically in the case where BB interactions are missing. In this limit, AB bonds either provide branching between A-chains (Y-junctions) if epsilon(AB)/epsilon(AA) is small, or drive the formation of a hyperbranched polymer if epsilon(AB)/epsilon(AA) is large. We find that the theoretical predictions describe quite accurately the numerical data, especially in the region where Y-junctions are present. There is fairly good agreement between theoretical and numerical results both for the thermodynamic (number of bonds and phase coexistence) and the connectivity properties of the model (cluster size distributions and percolation locus).

Analysis of constructed wetland performance for irrigation reuse

Most of the wastewater treatment systems in small rural communities of the Cova da Beira region (Portugal) consist of constructed wetlands (CW) with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF). It is believed that those systems allow the compliance of discharge standards as well as the production of final effluents with suitability for reuse. Results obtained in a nine-month campaign in an HSSF bed pointed out that COD and TSS removal were lower than expected. A discrete sampling also showed that removal of TC, FC and HE was not enough to fulfill international irrigation goals. However, the bed had a very good response to variation of incoming nitrogen loads presenting high removal of nitrogen forms. A good correlation between mass load and mass removal rate was observed for BOD5, COD, TN, NH4-N, TP and TSS, which shows a satisfactory response of the bed to the variable incoming loads. The entrance of excessive loads of organic matter and solids contributed for the decrease of the effective volume for pollutant uptake and therefore, may have negatively influenced the treatment capability. Primary treatment should be improved in order to decrease the variation of incoming organic and solid loads and to improve the removal of COD, solids and pathogenic. The final effluent presented good physical-chemical quality to be reused for irrigation, which is the most likely application in the area.

The condensation and ordering of models of empty liquids

We consider a simple model consisting of particles with four bonding sites ("patches"), two of type A and two of type B, on the square lattice, and investigate its global phase behavior by simulations and theory. We set the interaction between B patches to zero and calculate the phase diagram as the ratio between the AB and the AA interactions, epsilon(AB)*, varies. In line with previous work, on three-dimensional off-lattice models, we show that the liquid-vapor phase diagram exhibits a re-entrant or "pinched" shape for the same range of epsilon(AB)*, suggesting that the ratio of the energy scales - and the corresponding empty fluid regime - is independent of the dimensionality of the system and of the lattice structure. In addition, the model exhibits an order-disorder transition that is ferromagnetic in the re-entrant regime. The use of low-dimensional lattice models allows the simulation of sufficiently large systems to establish the nature of the liquid-vapor critical points and to describe the structure of the liquid phase in the empty fluid regime, where the size of the "voids" increases as the temperature decreases. We have found that the liquid-vapor critical point is in the 2D Ising universality class, with a scaling region that decreases rapidly as the temperature decreases. The results of simulations and theoretical analysis suggest that the line of order-disorder transitions intersects the condensation line at a multi-critical point at zero temperature and density, for patchy particle models with a re-entrant, empty fluid, regime. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3657406]

Phase diagrams of particles with dissimilar patches: X-junctions and Y-junctions

We use Wertheim's first-order perturbation theory to investigate the phase behaviour and the structure of coexisting fluid phases for a model of patchy particles with dissimilar patches (two patches of type A and f(B) patches of type B). A patch of type alpha = {A, B} can bond to a patch of type beta = {A, B} in a volume nu(alpha beta), thereby decreasing the internal energy by epsilon(alpha beta). We analyse the range of model parameters where AB bonds, or Y-junctions, are energetically disfavoured (epsilon(AB) < epsilon(AA)/2) but entropically favoured (nu(AB) >> nu(alpha alpha)), and BB bonds, or X-junctions, are energetically favoured (epsilon(BB) > 0). We show that, for low values of epsilon(BB)/epsilon(AA), the phase diagram has three different regions: (i) close to the critical temperature a low-density liquid composed of long chains and rich in Y-junctions coexists with a vapour of chains; (ii) at intermediate temperatures there is coexistence between a vapour of short chains and a liquid of very long chains with X-and Y-junctions; (iii) at low temperatures an ideal gas coexists with a high-density liquid with all possible AA and BB bonds formed. It is also shown that in region (i) the liquid binodal is reentrant (its density decreases with decreasing temperature) for the lower values of epsilon(BB)/epsilon(AA). The existence of these three regions is a consequence of the competition between the formation of X- and Y-junctions: X-junctions are energetically favoured and thus dominate at low temperatures, whereas Y-junctions are entropically favoured and dominate at higher temperatures.

Patching up dipoles: can dipolar particles be viewed as patchy colloids?

We investigate whether the liquid-vapour phase transition of strongly dipolar fluids can be understood using a model of patchy colloids. These consist of hard spherical particles with three short-ranged attractive sites (patches) on their surfaces. Two of the patches are of type A and one is of type B. Patches A on a particle may bond either to a patch A or to a patch B on another particle. Formation of an AA (AB) bond lowers the energy by epsilon AA (epsilon AB). In the limit [image omitted], this patchy model exhibits condensation driven by AB-bonds (Y-junctions). Y-junctions are also present in low-density, strongly dipolar fluids, and have been conjectured to play a key role in determining their critical behaviour. We map the dipolar Yukawa hard-sphere (DYHS) fluid onto this 2A + 1B patchy model by requiring that the latter reproduce the correct DYHS critical point as a function of the isotropic interaction strength epsilon Y. This is achieved for sensible values of epsilon AB and the bond volumes. Results for the internal energy and the particle coordination number are in qualitative agreement with simulations of DYHSs. Finally, by taking the limit [image omitted], we arrive at a new estimate for the critical point of the dipolar hard-sphere fluid, which agrees with extrapolations from simulation.

Phase diagrams of binary mixtures of patchy colloids with distinct numbers and types of patches: Theempty fluid regime

We investigate the effect of distinct bonding energies on the onset of criticality of low functionality fluid mixtures. We focus on mixtures ofparticles with two and three patches as this includes the mixture where "empty" fluids were originally reported. In addition to the number of patches, thespecies differ in the type of patches or bonding sites. For simplicity, we consider that the patches on each species are identical: one species has threepatches of type A and the other has two patches of type B. We have found a rich phase behavior with closed miscibility gaps, liquid-liquid demixing, and negative azeotropes. Liquid-liquid demixing was found to pre-empt the "empty" fluid regime, of these mixtures, when the AB bonds are weaker than the AA or BB bonds. By contrast, mixtures in this class exhibit "empty" fluid behavior when the AB bonds are stronger than at least one of the other two. Mixtureswith bonding energies epsilon(BB) = epsilon(AB) and epsilon(AA) < epsilon(BB), were found to exhibit an unusual negative azeotrope. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3561396]

Re-entrant phase behaviour of network fluids: A patchy particle model with temperature-dependent valence

We study a model consisting of particles with dissimilar bonding sites ("patches"), which exhibits self-assembly into chains connected by Y-junctions, and investigate its phase behaviour by both simulations and theory. We show that, as the energy cost epsilon(j) of forming Y-junctions increases, the extent of the liquid-vapour coexistence region at lower temperatures and densities is reduced. The phase diagram thus acquires a characteristic "pinched" shape in which the liquid branch density decreases as the temperature is lowered. To our knowledge, this is the first model in which the predicted topological phase transition between a fluid composed of short chains and a fluid rich in Y-junctions is actually observed. Above a certain threshold for epsilon(j), condensation ceases to exist because the entropy gain of forming Y-junctions can no longer offset their energy cost. We also show that the properties of these phase diagrams can be understood in terms of a temperature-dependent effective valence of the patchy particles. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3605703]

Arrow Plot: a new graphical tool for selecting up and down regulated genes and genes differentially expressed on samples subgroups

Background: A common task in analyzing microarray data is to determine which genes are differentially expressed across two (or more) kind of tissue samples or samples submitted under experimental conditions. Several statistical methods have been proposed to accomplish this goal, generally based on measures of distance between classes. It is well known that biological samples are heterogeneous because of factors such as molecular subtypes or genetic background that are often unknown to the experimenter. For instance, in experiments which involve molecular classification of tumors it is important to identify significant subtypes of cancer. Bimodal or multimodal distributions often reflect the presence of subsamples mixtures. Consequently, there can be genes differentially expressed on sample subgroups which are missed if usual statistical approaches are used. In this paper we propose a new graphical tool which not only identifies genes with up and down regulations, but also genes with differential expression in different subclasses, that are usually missed if current statistical methods are used. This tool is based on two measures of distance between samples, namely the overlapping coefficient (OVL) between two densities and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The methodology proposed here was implemented in the open-source R software. Results: This method was applied to a publicly available dataset, as well as to a simulated dataset. We compared our results with the ones obtained using some of the standard methods for detecting differentially expressed genes, namely Welch t-statistic, fold change (FC), rank products (RP), average difference (AD), weighted average difference (WAD), moderated t-statistic (modT), intensity-based moderated t-statistic (ibmT), significance analysis of microarrays (samT) and area under the ROC curve (AUC). On both datasets all differentially expressed genes with bimodal or multimodal distributions were not selected by all standard selection procedures. We also compared our results with (i) area between ROC curve and rising area (ABCR) and (ii) the test for not proper ROC curves (TNRC). We found our methodology more comprehensive, because it detects both bimodal and multimodal distributions and different variances can be considered on both samples. Another advantage of our method is that we can analyze graphically the behavior of different kinds of differentially expressed genes. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the arrow plot represents a new flexible and useful tool for the analysis of gene expression profiles from microarrays.

O efeito de um programa de fisioterapia na estabilização do prematuro

Mestrado em Fisioterapia.

Qual a importância da equipa multidisciplinar na retinopatia diabética?

O número crescente de diabéticos e pré-diabéticos existentes em Portugal e consequentemente o de doentes com retinopatia diabética, assim como a necessidade de resposta em tempo ideal, colocam um problema aos serviços de saúde. O rastreio, diagnóstico, tratamento e a monitorização pressupõem uma intervenção multidisciplinar ao nível da saúde pública, dos cuidados primários de saúde e dos cuidados hospitalares, nas respetivas vertentes epidemiológica, financeira, organizacional e de gestão de recursos.

Formação contínua: relatos e reflexões

Neste volume, intitulado “FORMAÇÃO CONTÍNUA: RELATOS E REFLEXÕES”, reúnem-se diversos tipos de documentos produzidos no âmbito do projeto “Qualificação dos Professores em Países Lusófonos” (Programa EU-ACP – EDULINK – ID Number 9 – ACP – RPR – 118#28) – que decorreu entre 31 de dezembro de 2008 e 31 de dezembro de 2011. O objetivo do projeto foi o de “dotar as Instituições do Ensino Superior (IES) de competências que lhes permitissem desenvolver um programa de formação contínua (FC) de professores para o Ensino Básico, de qualidade e culturalmente específico, em países onde o Português é a língua de ensino”. Participaram no projeto as Escolas Superiores de Educação de Lisboa e de Viana do Castelo (Portugal), a Universidade de Cabo Verde (Cabo Verde), o Instituto Superior Politécnico (São Tomé e Príncipe), a Universidade Pedagógica (Moçambique) e a Universidade Nacional de Timor (Timor Lorosae). A ONGD portuguesa Engenho e Obra participou com o estatuto de “associada”. De entre todas as ações desenvolvidas devem destacar-se os Seminários realizados em Portugal (Lisboa e Viana do Castelo), Cabo Verde (Cidade da Praia) e Moçambique (Maputo), intercalados com Visitas Intercalares às IES participantes. De realçar também, que cada IES desenvolveu, no seu país, um Programa de Formação Contínua de Professores. Constituiu- se ainda uma rede de aprendizagem online onde todos os materiais científicos e pedagógicos desenvolvidos foram disponibilizados. Trabalharam-se quatro áreas de formação: Qualidade da Educação e Desenvolvimento (QED); Ensino das Ciências (EC); Ensino da Matemática (EM); e Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Este volume divide-se em três partes: – Na primeira, estão contidos os documentos estruturantes do projeto – o Sumário Executivo e o Quadro Lógico. Estes representam a filosofia subjacente e as ações que foram previstas e implementadas; – Na segunda, incluem-se textos de cada uma das quatro áreas de formação (QED; EC; EM; TIC), produzidos pelos participantes e que procuram ou relatar experiências e boas-práticas desenvolvidas durante a 6 Formação contínua – relatos e reflexões implementação local dos programas de formação contínua ou contextualizar a formação com reflexão teórico-prática adicional; – Na terceira, estão textos de conferências proferidas nos três Seminários e que procuraram contextualizar alguns dos problemas relativos aos processos e modelos de formação de professores, frequentemente com uma preocupação de estudo mais aprofundado da realidade dos países onde os Seminários decorreram. – Em anexo apresentam-se, os Planos de Trabalho que foram seguidos nos Seminários bem como uma lista de participantes. Os conteúdos dos textos são de exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores.

Criticality of colloids with distinct interaction patches: The limits of linear chains, hyperbranched polymers, and dimers

We use a simple model of associating fluids which consists of spherical particles having a hard-core repulsion, complemented by three short-ranged attractive sites on the surface (sticky spots). Two of the spots are of type A and one is of type B; the bonding interactions between each pair of spots have strengths epsilon(AA), epsilon(BB), and epsilon(AB). The theory is applied over the whole range of bonding strengths and the results are interpreted in terms of the equilibrium cluster structures of the phases. In addition to our numerical results, we derive asymptotic expansions for the free energy in the limits for which there is no liquid-vapor critical point: linear chains (epsilon(AA)not equal 0, epsilon(AB)=epsilon(BB)=0), hyperbranched polymers (epsilon(AB)not equal 0, epsilon(AA)=epsilon(BB)=0), and dimers (epsilon(BB)not equal 0, epsilon(AA)=epsilon(AB)=0). These expansions also allow us to calculate the structure of the critical fluid by perturbing around the above limits, yielding three different types of condensation: of linear chains (AA clusters connected by a few AB or BB bonds); of hyperbranched polymers (AB clusters connected by AA bonds); or of dimers (BB clusters connected by AA bonds). Interestingly, there is no critical point when epsilon(AA) vanishes despite the fact that AA bonds alone cannot drive condensation.

Synthesis, structural characterization and leishmanicidal activity evaluation of ferrocenyl N-heterocyclic compounds

Agência Financiadora: FCT - PTDC/QUI/72656/2006 ; SFRH/BPD/27454/2006; SFRH/BPD/44082/2008; SFRH/BPD/41138/2007