Optimal design of piezolaminated structures using B-spline strip finite element models

A package of B-spline finite strip models is developed for the linear analysis of piezolaminated plates and shells. This package is associated to a global optimization technique in order to enhance the performance of these types of structures, subjected to various types of objective functions and/or constraints, with discrete and continuous design variables. The models considered are based on a higher-order displacement field and one can apply them to the static, free vibration and buckling analyses of laminated adaptive structures with arbitrary lay-ups, loading and boundary conditions. Genetic algorithms, with either binary or floating point encoding of design variables, were considered to find optimal locations of piezoelectric actuators as well as to determine the best voltages applied to them in order to obtain a desired structure shape. These models provide an overall economy of computing effort for static and vibration problems.

Acompanhamento da remodelação e ampliação da Escola Secundária João de Barros

O presente relatório diz respeito ao estágio curricular realizado no âmbito do Mestrado de Engenharia Civil do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, o qual decorreu entre Fevereiro e Setembro de 2011, focalizando-se nas funções de Adjunto de Diretor de Obra na Remodelação e Ampliação da Escola Secundária João de Barros, em Corroios, no âmbito das Empreitadas de Execução do Programa de Modernização da Rede Pública Escolas Secundárias. Com a realização do respetivo estágio, pretendeu-se que o estagiário, adquirisse competências ao nível da coordenação e direção de obra. Estas competências prendem-se, essencialmente, com a compreensão do funcionamento da obra e com as inter-relações existentes entre as diversas atividades intervenientes no desenvolvimento da empreitada. Procurou-se ainda impulsionar as capacidades de integração e adaptação ao trabalho em equipa num ambiente profissional. No decorrer do estágio, com vista a cumprir os objetivos propostos, o estagiário integrou-se diariamente na equipa de direção de obra e nas diversas atividades realizadas pela mesma. Nesse sentido participou ativamente na verificação e aprovação de materiais, no acompanhamento da execução da empreitada, tal como no controlo de custos, prazos e planeamento. No âmbito da coordenação da obra interagiu ainda, frequentemente, com as diversas entidades envolvidas. Conclui-se no respetivo relatório, com base na experiência adquirida em todo o processo, a importância que, o trabalho em equipa, a flexibilidade, a comunicação, o planeamento, a organização e a coordenação, assumem na qualidade global da empreitada.

Re-evaluation of a reported increased micronucleus frequency in lymphocytes of workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde

A replicate evaluation of increased micronucleus (MN) frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes of workers occupationally exposed to formaldehyde (FA) was undertaken to verify the observed effect and to determine scoring variability. May–Grünwald–Giemsa-stained slides were obtained from a previously performed cytokinesis-block micronucleus test (CBMNT) with 56 workers in anatomy and pathology laboratories and 85 controls. The first evaluation by one scorer (scorer 1) had led to a highly significant difference between workers and controls (3.96 vs 0.81 MN per 1000 cells). The slides were coded before re-evaluation and the code was broken after the complete re-evaluation of the study. A total of 1000 binucleated cells (BNC) were analysed per subject and the frequency of MN (in ‰) was determined. Slides were distributed equally and randomly between two scorers, so that the scorers had no knowledge of the exposure status. Scorer 2 (32 exposed, 36 controls) measured increased MN frequencies in exposed workers (9.88 vs 6.81). Statistical analysis with the two-sample Wilcoxon test indicated that this difference was not significant (p = 0.17). Scorer 3 (20 exposed, 46 controls) obtained a similar result, but slightly higher values for the comparison of exposed and controls (19.0 vs 12.89; p = 0.089). Combining the results of the two scorers (13.38 vs 10.22), a significant difference between exposed and controls (p = 0.028) was obtained when the stratified Wilcoxon test with the scorers as strata was applied. Interestingly, the re-evaluation of the slides led to clearly higher MN frequencies for exposed and controls compared with the first evaluation. Bland–Altman plots indicated that the agreement between the measurements of the different scorers was very poor, as shown by mean differences of 5.9 between scorer 1 and scorer 2 and 13.0 between scorer 1 and scorer 3. Calculation of the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed that all scorer comparisons in this study were far from acceptable for the reliability of this assay. Possible implications for the use of the CBMNT in human biomonitoring studies are discussed.