Artur Santos e a etnomusicologia em Portugal (1936-1969)

O Professor Artur Santos �� por muitos recordado pela qualidade inquestion��vel da doc��ncia que exerceu no Conservat��rio Nacional de Lisboa. A sua carreira profissional foi mais vasta, desenvolvendo-se no ��mbito da m��sica erudita como pianista, compositor e professor e, no da m��sica tradicional, como etnomusic��logo. O artigo agora publicado tem o mesmo t��tulo da Disserta����o de Mestrado em Ci��ncias Musicais (2001), orientada pela Prof��. Dr��. Salwa Castelo Branco. Este trabalho de investiga����o permitiu um conhecimento aprofundado do trabalho etnomusicol��gico que Artur Santos realizou, incluindo documenta����o escrita, grava����es sonoras, fotografias e ���lmes etnogr�����cos, na sua maioria in��dita, para al��m das colec����es de discos (Beira Baixa e Beira Alta, Ilhas Terceira, de S. Miguel e de Santa Maria) e cat��logos de exposi����es editados (Angola e Ilha de Santa Maria). A documenta����o que produziu, o seu empenho em institucionalizar a etnomusicologia em Portugal, a divulga����o internacional que fez da M��sica Tradicional Portuguesa e o reconhecimento que os seus trabalhos tiveram a n��vel nacional e internacional, destacam-no como precursor da moderna etnomusicologia em Portugal.

Nuevas formas de ense��anza en mimo corporal dram��tico: la t��cnica corporal y la experiencia som��tica m��s all�� de la forma y la est��tica generadas

Planteamos el estudio y la sistematizaci��n del mimo corporal dram��tico, a partir de la experiencia en la pr��ctica de dicha t��cnica y su ense��anza . Mas all�� de inventar una nueva t��cnica o realizar un trabajo te��rico sobre conceptos, intentaremos en base al trabajo pr��ctico realizado en el ultimo a��o, a partir de las experiencias desarrolladas en las aulas de movimento del maestrado, referenciar sistematizar y poner por escrito los principios y bases del mimo corporal dram��tico, revisados desde nuevos planteamientos, mas all�� de la est��tica que gener�� Decroux. Trabajamos en la recopilaci��n y estudio de todos estos principios, desde la experiencia de los ��ltimos cinco a��os dando clases de mimo corporal dram��tico en la Real Escuela Superior de Arte Dram��tico de Madrid y mas concretamente en el trabajo realizado en el ultimo a��o con un grupo de alumnos y ex-alumnos voluntarios con los que hemos estado investigando sobre la t��cnica del mimo corporal. No intentamos pues realizar un estudio te��rico, basado en ideas, pensamientos, etc. sino exponer desde la experiencia real, desde ejercicios, improvisaciones, di��logos sobre la t��cnica en la pr��ctica y desarrollo del movimiento. Recogemos aqu�� no los ejercicios trabajados o soluciones practicas, sino las conclusiones y las bases te��ricas que las sustentan y sobre las que creemos que pueden arrojar luz sobre el conocimiento de esta t��cnica y facilitar tanto su comprensi��n como su practica, mas all�� de la figura de Decroux o de un estilo concreto de movimiento.

Py-GC/MS(FID) assessed behavior of polysaccharides during kraft delignification of Eucalyptus globulus heartwood and sapwood

Eucalyptus globulus heartwood, sapwood and their delignified samples by kraft pulping at 130, 150 and 170 degrees C along time were characterized in respect to total carbohydrates by Py-GC/MS(FID). No significant differences between heartwood and sapwood were found in relation to pyrolysis products and composition. The main wood carbohydrate derived pyrolysis compounds were levoglucosan (25.1%), hydroxyacetaldehyde (12.5%), 2-oxo-propanal (10.3%) and acetic acid (8.7%). Levoglucosan decreased during the early stages of delignification and increased during the bulk and residual phases. Acetic acid decreased hydroxyacetaldehyde and 2-oxo-propanal increased, and 2-furaldehyde and hydroxypropanone remained almost constant during delignification. The C/L ratio was 3.2 in wood and remained rather constant in the first pulping periods until a loss of 15-25% in carbohydrate and 60% in lignin. Afterwards it increased sharply until 44 that correspond to the removal of 25-35% of carbohydrates and 95% of lignin. The pulping reactive selectivity to lignin vs. polysaccharides was the same for sapwood and heartwood. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Implications of the Intervention Program for Physical Activity (IPPA) in the perception of illness and wellbeing in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

The aim of this study is to examine the implications of the IPPA in the perception of illness and wellbeing in MS patients. Methods - This is a quasi experimental study non-randomized study with 24 MS patients diagnosed at least 1 year before, and with an EDSS score of under 7. We used the IPPA in 3 groups of eight people in 3 Portuguese hospitals (Lisbon, Coimbra, and Porto). The sessions were held once a week for 90 minutes, over a period of 7 weeks. The instruments used were: We asked the subjects the question ���Please classify the severity of your disease?��� and used the Personal Wellbeing Scale (PWS) at the beginning (time A) and end (time B) of the IPPA. We used the SPSS version 20. A non-parametric statistical hypothesis test (Wilcoxon test) was used for the variable analysis. The intervention followed the recommendations of the Helsinki Declaration. Results ��� The results suggest that there are differences between time A and B, the perception of illness decreased (p<0.08), while wellbeing increased (p<0.01). Conclusions: The IPPA can play an important role in modifying the perception of disease severity and personal wellbeing.

Aliphatic bio-oils from corks: a Py-Gc/MS study

Cork samples from Betula pendula, Quercus suber and Quercus cerris were submitted to Py-GC-MS/FID at temperatures between 550 degrees C and 900 degrees C and the pyrolysis-derived compounds (py-products) were identified and quantified. Corks were compared with wood samples. Py-products include suberin, lignin and carbohydrates derivatives. Suberin py-products are dominated by unsaturated aliphatics. Corks pyrolysis yield and composition were dramatically influenced by temperature in contrast to wood that showed stable results across temperatures. At 850-900 degrees C the peaks area of cork pyrograms were approximately two times higher than at 550 degrees C, for which yield was about half of the woods, and cork py-products were dominated by suberin-derived short chain aliphatics, namely 1-alkenes, while at 550 degrees C composition was dominated by lignin derivatives. Lignin and carbohydrate derived products decreased dramatically over 750 degrees C while the opposite was observed for unsaturated aliphatics. Cork materials show a high potential as feedstock for production of aliphatic-rich pyrolytic biofuels or as a source of olefins. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reactivity of syringyl and guaiacyl lignin units and delignification kinetics in the kraft pulping of eucalyptus globulus wood using Py-Gc-Ms/FID

Eucalyptus globulus sapwood and heartwood showed no differences in lignin content (23.0% vs. 23.7%) and composition: syringyl-lignin (17.9% vs. 18.0%) and guaiacyl-lignin (4.8% vs. 5.2%). Delignification kinetics of S- and G-units in heartwood and sapwood was investigated by Py-GC���MS/FID at 130, 150 and 170 ��C and modeled as double first-order reactions. Reactivity differences between S and G-units were small during the main pulping phase and the higher reactivity of S over G units was better expressed in the later pulping stage. The residual lignin composition in pulps was different from wood or from samples in the initial delignification stages, with more G and H-units. S/G ratio ranged from 3 to 4.5 when pulp residual lignin was higher than 10%, decreasing rapidly to less than 1. The S/H was initially around 20 (until 15% residual lignin), decreasing to 4 when residual lignin was about 3%.