Image and color recognition using amorphous silicon p-i-n photodiodes

Large area hydrogenated amorphous silicon single and stacked p-i-n structures with low conductivity doped layers are proposed as monochrome and color image sensors. The layers of the structures are based on amorphous silicon alloys (a-Si(x)C(1-x):H). The current-voltage characteristics and the spectral sensitivity under different bias conditions are analyzed. The output characteristics are evaluated under different read-out voltages and scanner wavelengths. To extract information on image shape, intensity and color, a modulated light beam scans the sensor active area at three appropriate bias voltages and the photoresponse in each scanning position ("sub-pixel") is recorded. The investigation of the sensor output under different scanner wavelengths and varying electrical bias reveals that the response can be tuned, thus enabling color separation. The operation of the sensor is exemplified and supported by a numerical simulation.

Magnetized color flavor locked state and compact stars

The stability of the color flavor locked phase in the presence of a strong magnetic field is investigated within the phenomenological MIT bag model, taking into account the variation of the strange quark mass, the baryon density, the magnetic field, as well as the bag and gap parameters. It is found that the minimum value of the energy per baryon in a color flavor locked state at vanishing pressure is lower than the corresponding one for unpaired magnetized strange quark matter and, as the magnetic field increases, the energy per baryon decreases. This implies that magnetized colorflavor locked matter is more stable and could become the ground state inside neutron stars. The mass-radius relation for such stars is also studied.

Structural Color and Iridescence in Transparent Sheared Cellulosic Films

Shear transparent cellulose free-standing thin films can develop iridescence similar to that found in petals of the tulip Queen of the Night. The iridescence of the film arises from the modulation of the surface into bands periodically spread perpendicular to the shear direction. Small amounts of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) rods in the precursor liquid-crystalline solutions do not disturb the optical properties of the solutions but enhance the mechanical characteristics of the films and affects their iridescence. Smaller bands periodicity, not affected by the NCC rods, slightly deviated from the shear direction is also observed. NCCs are crucial to tune and understand the film's surface features formation. Our findings could lead to new materials for application in soft reflective screens and devices.

Analysis and simulation of a-Si Ha-SiC HPINIP structures for color image detection

It is presented in this paper a study on the photo-electronic properties of multi layer a-Si: H/a-SiC: H p-i-n-i-p structures. This study is aimed to give an insight into the internal electrical characteristics of such a structure in thermal equilibrium, under applied Was and under different illumination condition. Taking advantage of this insight it is possible to establish a relation among-the electrical behavior of the structure the structure geometry (i.e. thickness of the light absorbing intrinsic layers and of the internal n-layer) and the composition of the layers (i.e. optical bandgap controlled through percentage of carbon dilution in the a-Si1-xCx: H layers). Showing an optical gain for low incident light power controllable by means of externally applied bias or structure composition, these structures are quite attractive for photo-sensing device applications, like color sensors and large area color image detector. An analysis based on numerical ASCA simulations is presented for describing the behavior of different configurations of the device and compared with experimental measurements (spectral response and current-voltage characteristic). (c) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Direct Color Sensor, Optical Amplifier and Demux Device Integrated on a Single Monolithic SiC Photodetector

A pi'n/pin a-SiC:H voltage and optical bias controlled device is presented and its behavior as image and color sensor, optical amplifier and demux device is discussed. The design and the light source properties are correlated with the sensor output characteristics. Different readout techniques are used. When a low power monochromatic scanner readout the generated carriers the transducer recognizes a color pattern projected on it acting as a direct color and image sensor. Scan speeds up to 10(4) lines per second are achieved without degradation in the resolution. If the photocurrent generated by different monochromatic pulsed channels is readout directly, the information is demultiplexed. Results show that it is possible to decode the information from three simultaneous color channels without bit errors at bit rates per channel higher than 4000 bps. Finally, when triggered by light of appropriated wavelength, it can amplify or suppress the generated photocurrent working as an optical amplifier (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Color and Luminescence stability of selected dental materials in vitro

To study luminescence, reflectance, and color stability of dental composites and ceramics. Materials and Methods: IPS e.max, IPS Classic, Gradia, and Sinfony materials were tested, both unpolished (as-cast) and polished specimens. Coffee, tea, red wine, and distilled water (control) were used as staining drinks. Disk-shaped specimens were soaked in the staining drinks for up to 5 days. Color was measured by a colorimeter. Fluorescence was recorded using a spectrofluorometer, in the front-face geometry. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra were recorded using a laser nanosecond spectrofluorometer. Results: The exposure of the examined dental materials to staining drinks caused changes in color of the composites and ceramics, with the polished specimens exhibiting significantly lower color changes as compared to unpolished specimens. Composites exhibited lower color stability as compared to ceramic materials. Water also caused perceptible color changes in most materials. The materials tested demonstrated significantly different initial luminescence intensities. Upon exposure to staining drinks, luminescence became weaker by up to 40%, dependent on the drink and the material. Time-resolved luminescence spectra exhibited some red shift of the emission band at longer times, with the lifetimes in the range of tens of nanoseconds. Conclusions: Unpolished specimens with a more developed surface have lower color stability. Specimens stored in water develop some changes in their visual appearance. The presently proposed methods are effective in evaluating the luminescence of dental materials. Luminescence needs to be tested in addition to color, as the two characteristics are uncorrelated. It is important to further improve the color and luminescence stability of dental materials.