New p-i-n Si : H imager configuration for spatial resolution improvement

Amorphous glass/ZnO-Al/p(a-Si:H)/i(a-Si:H)/n(a-Si1-xCx:H)/Al imagers with different n-layer resistivities were produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition technique (PE-CVD). An image is projected onto the sensing element and leads to spatially confined depletion regions that can be readout by scanning the photodiode with a low-power modulated laser beam. The essence of the scheme is the analog readout, and the absence of semiconductor arrays or electrode potential manipulations to transfer the information coming from the transducer. The influence of the intensity of the optical image projected onto the sensor surface is correlated with the sensor output characteristics (sensitivity, linearity blooming, resolution and signal-to-noise ratio) are analysed for different material compositions (0.5 < x < 1). The results show that the responsivity and the spatial resolution are limited by the conductivity of the doped layers. An enhancement of one order of magnitude in the image intensity signal and on the spatial resolution are achieved at 0.2 mW cm(-2) light flux by decreasing the n-layer conductivity by the same amount. A physical model supported by electrical simulation gives insight into the image-sensing technique used.

Estágio no âmbito do projecto de execução de uma ponte e viaduto sobre a várzea do rio Nabão

O presente relatório tem como objectivo descrever o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo de um estágio realizado na empresa Professor Edgar Cardoso - Engenharia e Laboratório de Estruturas durante o período de Março de 2009 a Maio de 2010. Este documento refere-se ao Projecto de Execução da Ponte e Viaduto sobre o Rio Nabão a construir no I.C.3 - E.N.110, lanço correspondente à variante de Tomar, e destina-se a vencer o Rio Nabão e a baixa aluvionar a ele associada. A ponte é constituída por dois tabuleiros, um por faixa de rodagem, tendo cada uma duas vias no mesmo sentido. Cada tabuleiro apresenta uma secção transversal de largura 13,25m e desenvolve-se ao longo de 27 vãos, 25 vãos intermédios de 32 metros e dois vãos extremos de 26 metros, com um comprimento total de 852 m. Trata-se de dois tabuleiros contínuos em toda a sua extensão, apoiados nos encontros e pilares sobre aparelhos móveis unidireccionais, aferrolhados por meio de elementos fusíveis aos dois grupos de pilares centrais, P13 e P14. Os encontros possuem aparelhos amortecedores e de travamento para deslocamentos bruscos horizontais, como por exemplo provocados por um sismo. Este Projecto está em conformidade com os regulamentos e normas de Projecto de Construção de Pontes são eles, o R.E.B.A.P., R.S.A., Eurocódigo 2 e Eurocódigo 8.

Estágio no âmbito do projecto de execução de um viaduto sobre um sapal e o caminho de ferro

O presente relatório descreve o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo de um estágio realizado na empresa Professor Edgar Cardoso - Engenharia e Laboratório de estruturas no período de Março de 2009 a Maio de 2010. Neste estágio foi desenvolvido o Projecto de Execução do Viaduto sobre os Ramais de Caminho de Ferro pertencentes à SAPEC e à EDP e sobre um SAPAL que lhes fica contíguo, em Praias do Sado, inseridas no 2º lanço da Estrada de Liga��ão Alto da Guerra - Mitrena. Este viaduto suporta uma faixa de rodagem com duas vias de trânsito em sentidos opostos, e é constituído por um tabuleiro contínuo de 15 vãos, dois extremos de 21,00m e treze intermédios de 35,00 m cada, medidos sobre o eixo longitudinal do tabuleiro, tendo um comprimento total de 497, 00m. A estrutura do viaduto é composta por betão armado e pré-esforçado, sendo o seu tabuleiro apoiado nos encontros e pilares de secção circular, sobre aparelhos móveis unidireccionais, aferrolhados por meio de elementos fusíveis aos dois grupos de pilares centrais. O dimensionamento respeitou os regulamentos nacionais em vigor, nomeadamente o Regulamento de Betão Armado e Pré-Esforçado (R.E.B.A.P.) e o Regulamento de Segurança e Acções para Edifícios e Pontes (R.S.A) e os Eurocódigos 2 e 8, nas situa��ões onde os anteriores são omissos.

Um edifício: várias soluções técnicas de funda��ões superficiais

Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um estudo, no âmbito das funda��ões superficiais. Assim, considerou-se um edifício e a partir das suas características e do tipo de solo apresentaram-se várias soluções técnicas para a sua funda��ão. A sapata, após uma primeira análise resultou inviável devido à sua proximidade observando-se que a área das mesmas eram superiores a 50% da área de implanta��ão do edifício. As soluções técnicas estudadas foram: vigas de funda��ão, ensoleiramento geral com altura constante e ensoleiramento geral vigiado. Nos dimensionamentos foram considerados os regulamentos - R.S.A., R.E.B.A.P. e Eurocódigos 2 e 7. É também apresentado um estudo económico para as três soluções técnicas.

Multi-stage evolution of a sub-aerial volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr: S. Jorge Island, Azores Triple Junction

New K/Ar dating and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the WNW-ESE elongated oceanic island of S. Jorge to reconstruct the volcanic evolution of a linear ridge developed close to the Azores triple junction. We show that S. Jorge sub-aerial construction encompasses the last 1.3 Myr, a time interval far much longer than previously reported. The early development of the ridge involved a sub-aerial building phase exposed in the southeast end of the island and now constrained between 1.32 +/- 0.02 and 1.21 +/- 0.02 Ma. Basic lavas from this older stage are alkaline and enriched in incompatible elements, reflecting partial melting of an enriched mantle source. At least three differentiation cycles from alkaline basalts to mugearites are documented within this stage. The successive episodes of magma rising, storage and evolution suggest an intermittent reopening of the magma feeding system, possibly due to recurrent tensional or trans-tensional tectonic events. Present data show a gap in sub-aerial volcanism before a second main ongoing building phase starting at about 750 ka. Sub-aerial construction of the S. Jorge ridge migrated progressively towards the west, but involved several overlapping volcanic episodes constrained along the main WNW-ESE structural axis of the island. Malic magmas erupted during the second phase have been also generated by partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Trace element data suggest, however, variable and lower degrees of partial melting of a shallower mantle domain, which is interpreted as an increasing control of lithospheric deformation on the genesis and extraction of primitive melts during the last 750 kyr. The multi-stage development of the S. Jorge volcanic ridge over the last 1.3 Myr has most likely been greatly influenced by regional tectonics, controlled by deformation along the diffuse boundary between the Nubian and the Eurasian plates, and the increasing effect of sea-floor spreading at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Thick dyke emplacement and internal flow: A structural and magnetic fabric study of the deep-seated dolerite dyke of Foum Zguid (southern Morocco)

Knowledge on forced magma injection and magma flow in dykes is crucial for the understanding of how magmas migrate through the crust to the Earth's surface. Because many questions still persist, we used the long, thick, and deep-seated Foum Zguid dyke (Morocco) to investigate dyke emplacement and internal flow by means of magnetic methods, structural analysis, petrography, and scanning electron microscopy. We also investigated how the host rocks accommodated the intrusion. Regarding internal flow: 1. Important variations of the rock magnetic properties and magnetic fabric occur with distance from dyke wall; 2. anisotropy of anhysteretic remanent magnetization reveals that anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results mainly from the superposition of subfabrics with distinct coercivities and that the imbrication between magnetic foliation and dyke plane is more reliable to deduce flow than the orientation of the AMS maximum principal axis; and 3. a dominant upward flow near the margins can be inferred. The magnetic fabric closest to the dyke wall likely records magma flow best due to fast cooling, whereas in the core the magnetic properties have been affected by high-temperature exsolution and metasomatic effects due to slow cooling. Regarding dyke emplacement, this study shows that the thick forceful intrusion induced deformation by homogeneous flattening and/or folding of the host sedimentary strata. Dewatering related to heat, as recorded by thick quartz veins bordering the dyke in some localities, may have also helped accommodating dyke intrusion. The spatial arrangement of quartz veins and their geometrical relationship with the dyke indicate a preintrusive to synintrusive sinistral component of strike slip.

Study of the one dimensional and transient bioheat transfer equation: Multi-layer solution development and applications

: In this work we derive an analytical solution given by Bessel series to the transient and one-dimensional (1D) bioheat transfer equation in a multi-layer region with spatially dependent heat sources. Each region represents an independent biological tissue characterized by temperature-invariant physiological parameters and a linearly temperature dependent metabolic heat generation. Moreover, 1D Cartesian, cylindrical or spherical coordinates are used to define the geometry and temperature boundary conditions of first, second and third kinds are assumed at the inner and outer surfaces. We present two examples of clinical applications for the developed solution. In the first one, we investigate two different heat source terms to simulate the heating in a tumor and its surrounding tissue, induced during a magnetic fluid hyperthermia technique used for cancer treatment. To obtain an accurate analytical solution, we determine the error associated with the truncated Bessel series that defines the transient solution. In the second application, we explore the potential of this model to study the effect of different environmental conditions in a multi-layered human head model (brain, bone and scalp). The convective heat transfer effect of a large blood vessel located inside the brain is also investigated. The results are further compared with a numerical solution obtained by the Finite Element Method and computed with COMSOL Multi-physics v4.1 (c). (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Strain global longitudinal avaliado por VVI-Speckle Tracking numa popula��ão de indivíduos normais

O VVI-Speckle Tracking é um método visual e quantitativo de avalia��ão dos parâmetros de deforma��ão miocárdica utilizando a imagem bidimensional. Tem com principal vantagem em rela��ão a outras metodologias a sua facilidade de execução. O SGL apresenta-se como o parâmetro de deforma��ão miocárdica que mais precocemente deteta a altera��ão da função contrátil. Objectivo do estudo: determinar os valores do Strain Global Longitudinal (SGL), numa popula��ão de indivíduos normais utilizando a mais recente versão desta tecnologia e compará-los com outos valores já publicados, assim como a sua eventual varia��ão com alguns parâmetros demográficos, como seja o género, idade e IMC.

Citologia da cúpula vaginal com suspeita de lesão intraepitelial de grau indeterminado: estudo de caso

No presente artigo é relatado um caso de uma paciente de 42 anos, diagnosticada em 2011 com Adenocarcinoma in situ e displasia grave do epitélio de revestimento pavimentoso, que foi tratada por traquelectomia. Em Novembro de 2013, a paciente realizou uma citologia da cúpula vaginal, onde se observaram achados citológicos compatíveis com lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau mas também a presença de células que favorecem o diagnóstico de lesão intraepitelial de alto grau. Não sendo possível classificar a lesão intraepitelial como sendo claramente baixo ou alto grau, atribuiu-se a interpreta��ão de lesão intraepitelial de grau indeterminado. Para confirma��ão e esclarecimento do diagnóstico foi efetuada biopsia com resultado de displasia grave do epitélio de revestimento pavimentoso vaginal sem evidência de invasão do estroma. Por fim foi indicada a pesquisa e tipifica��ão de vírus do papiloma humano, com resultado positivo para o tipo 16. Diagnósticos citológicos de lesão intraepitelial de grau indeterminado apresentam um follow-up histológico estatisticamente diferente das lesões intraepiteliais de alto e baixo grau, e estão na sua maioria associadas a infeção por vírus do papiloma humano de alto risco. Os achados citológicos do presente estudo apoiam a necessidade de se estabelecer esta lesão como categoria de diagnóstico no Sistema de Bethesda, com um follow-up definido.

Intrusion of Lamprophyre dyke and related deformation effects in the host rock salt: A case study from the Loulé Diapir, Portugal

A rock salt-lamprophyre dyke contact zone (sub-vertical, NE-SW strike) was investigated for its petrographic, mechanic and physical properties by means of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility CAMS) and rock magnetic properties, coupled with quantitative microstructural analysis and thermal mathematical modelling. The quantitative microstructural analysis of halite texture and solid inclusions revealed good spatial correlation with AMS and halite fabrics. The fabrics of both lamprophyre and rock salt record the magmatic intrusion, "plastic" flow and regional deformation (characterized by a NW-SE trending steep foliation). AMS and microstructural analysis revealed two deformation fabrics in the rock salt: (1) the deformation fabrics in rock salt on the NW side of the dyke are associated with high temperature and high fluid activity attributed to the dyke emplacement; (2) On the opposite side of the dyke, the emplacement-related fabric is reworked by localized tectonic deformation. The paleomagnetic results suggest significant rotation of the whole dyke, probably during the diapir ascent and/or the regional Tertiary to Quaternary deformation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Letter names and sounds: their implications for the phonetisation process

Our aim was to analyse the impact of the characteristics of words used in spelling programmes and the nature of instructional guidelines on the evolution from grapho-perceptive writing to phonetic writing in preschool children. The participants were 50 5-year-old children, divided in five equivalent groups in intelligence, phonological skills and spelling. All the children knew the vowels and the consonants B, D, P, R, T, V, F, M and C, but didn’t use them on spelling. Their spelling was evaluated in a pre and post-test with 36 words beginning with the consonants known. In-between they underwent a writing programme designed to lead them to use the letters P and T to represent the initial phonemes of words. The groups differed on the kind of words used on training (words whose initial syllable matches the name of the initial letter—Exp. G1 and Exp. G2—versus words whose initial syllable is similar to the sound of the initial letter—Exp. G3 and Exp. G4). They also differed on the instruction used in order to lead them to think about the relations between the initial phoneme of words and the initial consonant (instructions designed to make the children think about letter names—Exp. G1 and Exp. G3 —versus instructions designed to make the children think about letter sounds—Exp. G2 and Exp. G4). The 5th was a control group. All the children evolved to syllabic phonetisations spellings. There are no differences between groups at the number of total phonetisations but we found some differences between groups at the quality of the phonetisations.