Metodologia para a selecção de funções de maquinagem em sistemas CAD/CAM, para operações de fresagem multi-eixos

O presente trabalho aborda a construção de protótipos utilizando um centro de maquinagem CNC multi-eixos. É feita também uma abordagem ao novo formato que se encontra em desenvolvimento para a transferência de dados entre os softwares de CAD/CAM e os controladores CNC. Este novo formato de dados conhecido por STEP-NC tem como objectivo principal a comunicação directa entre os controladores CNC e os softwares de CAD/CAM, o que actualmente não é possível, uma vez que existe a necessidade de recorrer sempre a um pós-processador de dados para converter as trajectórias de maquinagem criadas pelos softwares de CAD/CAM em linguagem ISO específica para cada controlador CNC. A inovação introduzida com a elaboração deste trabalho consiste na obtenção de protótipos num centro de maquinagem CNC utilizando um único aperto do bruto de maquinagem. Para isso recorreu-se à fixação do bruto de maquinagem directamente à bucha do eixo rotativo (4º Eixo), permitindo assim que este rode quando existe a necessidade de maquinar uma outra face do protótipo, evitando desta forma a criação de novas fixações e a presença de um operador junto da máquina. A utilização deste novo método permite-nos ainda uma grande aproximação entre os centros de maquinagem CNC e as máquinas de prototipagem rápida (por adição de camadas) dado que em ambas se podem obter protótipos sem a intervenção do operador durante a totalidade da sua construção. Os testes práticos foram realizados no Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), e a peça utilizada como protótipo para a realização dos ensaios foi facultada por uma empresa especializada na construção de componentes aeronáuticos (LAUAK Portuguesa).

Teacher placement report: investigation: action research project investigating methods for promoting creativity in double bass students attending a portuguese music school

The investigation which employed the action research method (qualitative analysis)was divided into four fases. In phases 1-3 the participants were six double bass students at Nossa Senhora do Cabo Music School. Pilot exercises in creativity were followed by broader and more ambitious projects. In phase 4 the techniques were tested and amplified during a summer course for twelve double bass students at Santa Cecilia College.

Action, reaction and protest by publishers in 1960s Portugal: books and other publications in the Catholic opposition

The authoritarian regime of the Portuguese Estado Novo (New State), the longest dictatorship in twentieth-century Western Europe, suffered one of its most serious threats during the late 1950s and the whole of the following decade. An array of events and dynamics of opposition to the regime and condemnation of the political and social situation in Portugal appeared at that time. One of the core groups that displayed their dissidence in the 1960s, with the awakening of their critical conscience, originated in Catholic sectors that rallied the laity and the clergy to express their disagreement or even break with the government of Salazar (and, later, Marcelo Caetano). This article aims to establish the role of print culture and, in particular, publishing in the opposition’s mobilisation of Catholics who criticised the Estado Novo. It will also closely examine the contribution of certain publishers to the formulation of the terms of this mobilisation, in publishing new authors and topics and creating new printed forums (e.g. periodicals) for discussion and reflection. The most detailed case will be that of the publishing house Livraria Moraes Editora, under the command of the publisher António Alçada Baptista.

Conceptual analogy for modelling entrapped air action in hydraulic systems

Hydraulic systems are dynamically susceptible in the presence of entrapped air pockets, leading to amplified transient reactions. In order to model the dynamic action of an entrapped air pocket in a confined system, a heuristic mathematical formulation based on a conceptual analogy to a mechanical spring-damper system is proposed. The formulation is based on the polytropic relationship of an ideal gas and includes an additional term, which encompasses the combined damping effects associated with the thermodynamic deviations from the theoretical transformation, as well as those arising from the transient vorticity developed in both fluid domains (air and water). These effects represent the key factors that account for flow energy dissipation and pressure damping. Model validation was completed via numerical simulation of experimental measurements.

Simulation of wave action on a moored container carrier inside Sines’ Harbour

The integrated numerical tool SWAMS (Simulation of Wave Action on Moored Ships) is used to simulate the behavior of a moored container carrier inside Sines’ Harbour. Wave, wind, currents, floating ship and moorings interaction is discussed. Several case scenarios are compared differing in the layout of the harbour and wind and wave conditions. The several harbour layouts correspond to proposed alternatives for the future expansion of Sines’ terminal XXI that include the extension of the East breakwater and of the quay. Additionally, the influence of wind on the behavior of the ship moored and the introduction of pre tensioning the mooring lines was analyzed. Hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship are determined using a modified version of the WAMIT model. This modified model utilizes the Haskind relations and the non-linear wave field inside the harbour obtained with finite element numerical model, BOUSS-WMH (Boussinesq Wave Model for Harbors) to get the wave forces on the ship. The time series of the moored ship motions and forces on moorings are obtained using BAS solver. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.