Medição de parâmetros de componentes passivos RLC em ambiente LabVIEW pelo método da desmodulação síncrona ou coerente

A presente dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de um medidor de componentes passivos RLC. Este medidor baseia-se num protótipo desenvolvido para possibilitar a medição da impedância de um dispositivo em teste. Tendo uma carta de aquisição de sinal como interface, o protótipo comunica com um computador que controla todo o processo de medição desde a aquisição e processamento de sinais ao cálculo e visualização dos parâmetros. A topologia de medição implementada é a da ponte auto-balanceada e no processamento recorre-se ao método da desmodulação síncrona ou coerente. A sua viabilidade é suportada por um estudo teórico prévio, pela discussão das opções tomadas no projecto e pelos resultados obtidos através do algoritmo desenvolvido utilizando o software LabVIEW de programação gráfica.

Changes in the influence of board characterisitcs on corporate results due to the recent global financial crisis

The main purpose of this study is to analyse the changes caused by the global financial crisis on the influence of board characteristics on corporate results, in terms of corporate performance, corporate risk-taking, and earnings management. Sample comprises S&P 500 listed firms during 2002-2008. This study reveals that the environmental conditions call for different behaviour from directors to fulfil their responsibilities and suggests changes in normative and voluntary guidelines for improving good practices in the boardroom.

Influência do volume vesical na diminuição da dose recebida na bexiga e no PTV em doentes com tumor de reto tratados com belly-board

Introdução: O cancro retal continua a ser um dos principais problemas de saúde a nível mundial, sendo a toxicidade gastro-intestinal e génito-urinária os efeitos tardios da radioterapia mais reportados. A utilização da Belly-Board para minimizar essa toxicidade, reduzindo o volume de bexiga e intestino delgado irradiados é recomendada. No entanto, o protocolo mais adequado para o volume vesical nestes doentes é ainda tema de controvérsia. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do volume vesical na dose recebida na bexiga e no PTV, em doentes com tumor de reto, posicionados em decúbito ventral, com belly-board. Materiais e Métodos: 38 doentes com tumor de reto tratados no CHBM, agrupados em dois grupos: o 1º grupo, com 19 doentes que realizaram tratamento com bexiga cheia e o 2º grupo, com 19 doentes que realizaram tratamento com bexiga vazia. Os dados foram obtidos através dos HDV’s e foram comparadas as doses máximas no PTV e a percentagem de volume de bexiga que recebe 50Gy. Foi utilizado o teste estatístico U-Mann Whitney com um nível de significância de 0,05. A hipótese de pesquisa deste estudo propõe que os dois grupos diferem significativamente entre si e a hipótese nula propõe que os dois grupos não diferem significativamente entre si, para ambas as variáveis. Resultados: Não se observaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos no que diz respeito à dose máxima no PTV. No que se refere à percentagem de volume de bexiga que recebe 50Gy verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas, tendo o grupo de doentes que realizaram tratamento com bexiga cheia apresentado valores mais baixos. Conclusões: Este estudo demonstrou o benefício da utilização do protocolo de bexiga cheia em doentes com tumor de reto tratados com belly-board, na diminuição da percentagem de volume de bexiga que recebe 50Gy.

A biosignal embedded system for physiological computing

Thesis submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master in Electronic and Telecomunications Engineering

Image quality and dose analysis for a PA chest X-ray: comparison between AEC mode acquisition and manual mode using the 10 kVp ‘rule’

Purpose - To compare the image quality and effective dose applying the 10 kVp rule with manual mode acquisition and AEC mode in PA chest X-ray. Method - 68 images (with and without lesions) were acquired using an anthropomorphic chest phantom using a Wolverson Arcoma X-ray unit. These images were compared against a reference image using the 2 alternative forced choice (2AFC) method. The effective dose (E) was calculated using PCXMC software using the exposure parameters and the DAP. The exposure index (lgM provided by Agfa systems) was recorded. Results - Exposure time decreases more when applying the 10 kVp rule with manual mode (50%–28%) when compared with automatic mode (36%–23%). Statistical differences for E between several ionization chambers' combinations for AEC mode were found (p = 0.002). E is lower when using only the right AEC ionization chamber. Considering the image quality there are no statistical differences (p = 0.348) between the different ionization chambers' combinations for AEC mode for images with no lesions. Considering lgM values, it was demonstrated that they were higher when the AEC mode was used compared to the manual mode. It was also observed that lgM values obtained with AEC mode increased as kVp value went up. The image quality scores did not demonstrate statistical significant differences (p = 0.343) for the images with lesions comparing manual with AEC mode. Conclusion - In general the E is lower when manual mode is used. By using the right AEC ionising chamber under the lung the E will be the lowest in comparison to other ionising chambers. The use of the 10 kVp rule did not affect the visibility of the lesions or image quality.

Optimising protocol of acquisition and post-processing procedures in the assessment of coronary artery disease by computed tomography

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently one of the most prevalent diseases in the world population and calcium deposits in coronary arteries are one direct risk factor. These can be assessed by the calcium score (CS) application, available via a computed tomography (CT) scan, which gives an accurate indication of the development of the disease. However, the ionising radiation applied to patients is high. This study aimed to optimise the protocol acquisition in order to reduce the radiation dose and explain the flow of procedures to quantify CAD. The main differences in the clinical results, when automated or semiautomated post-processing is used, will be shown, and the epidemiology, imaging, risk factors and prognosis of the disease described. The software steps and the values that allow the risk of developingCADto be predicted will be presented. A64-row multidetector CT scan with dual source and two phantoms (pig hearts) were used to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the Agatston method. The tube energy was balanced. Two measurements were obtained in each of the three experimental protocols (64, 128, 256 mAs). Considerable changes appeared between the values of CS relating to the protocol variation. The predefined standard protocol provided the lowest dose of radiation (0.43 mGy). This study found that the variation in the radiation dose between protocols, taking into consideration the dose control systems attached to the CT equipment and image quality, was not sufficient to justify changing the default protocol provided by the manufacturer.

Image quality and dose analysis in PA chest x-ray: comparison between AEC and manual mode acquisition using the 10 kVp rule

Purpose: To compare image quality and effective dose when the 10 kVp rule is applied with manual and AEC mode in PA chest X-ray. Methods and Materials: A total of 68 images (with and without lesions) were acquired of an anthropomorphic chest phantom in a Wolverson Arcoma X-ray unit. The images were evaluated against a reference image using image quality criteria and the 2 alternative forced choice (2 AFC) method by five radiographers. The effective dose was calculated using PCXMC software using the exposure parameters and DAP. The exposure index (lgM) was recorded. Results: Exposure time decreases considerably when applying the 10 kVp rule in manual mode (50%-28%) compared to AEC mode (36%-23%). Statistical differences for effective dose between several AEC modes were found (p=0.002). The effective dose is lower when using only the right AEC ionization chamber. Considering image quality, there are no statistical differences (p=0.348) between the different AEC modes for images with no lesions. Using a higher kVp value the lgM values will also increase. The lgM values showed significant statistical differences (p=0.000). The image quality scores did not present statistically significant differences (p=0.043) for the images with lesions when comparing manual with AEC modes. Conclusion: In general, the dose is lower in the manual mode. By using the right AEC ionising chamber the effective dose will be the lowest in comparison to other ionising chambers. The use of the 10 kVp rule did not affect the detectability of the lesions.

Experimental Study And Evaluation Of Paper-Based Inkjet Electrodes For ECG Signal Acquisition

Applications involving biosignals, such as Electrocardiography (ECG), are becoming more pervasive with the extension towards non-intrusive scenarios helping targeting ambulatory healthcare monitoring, emotion assessment, among many others. In this study we introduce a new type of silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes based on a paper substrate and produced using an inkjet printing technique. This type of electrodes can increase the potential applications of biosignal acquisition technologies for everyday life use, given that there are several advantages, such as cost reduction and easier recycling, resultant from the approach explored in our work. We performed a comparison study to assess the quality of this new electrode type, in which ECG data was collected with three types of Ag/AgCl electrodes: i) gelled; ii) dry iii) paper-based inkjet printed. We also compared the performance of each electrode when acquired using a professional-grade gold standard device, and a low cost platform. Experimental results showed that data acquired using our proposed inkjet printed electrode is highly correlated with data obtained through conventional electrodes. Moreover, the electrodes are robust to high-end and low-end data acquisition devices. Copyright © 2014 SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. All rights reserved.

System-on-chip field-programmable gate array design for onboard real-time hyperspectral unmixing

Hyperspectral instruments have been incorporated in satellite missions, providing large amounts of data of high spectral resolution of the Earth surface. This data can be used in remote sensing applications that often require a real-time or near-real-time response. To avoid delays between hyperspectral image acquisition and its interpretation, the last usually done on a ground station, onboard systems have emerged to process data, reducing the volume of information to transfer from the satellite to the ground station. For this purpose, compact reconfigurable hardware modules, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), are widely used. This paper proposes an FPGA-based architecture for hyperspectral unmixing. This method based on the vertex component analysis (VCA) and it works without a dimensionality reduction preprocessing step. The architecture has been designed for a low-cost Xilinx Zynq board with a Zynq-7020 system-on-chip FPGA-based on the Artix-7 FPGA programmable logic and tested using real hyperspectral data. Experimental results indicate that the proposed implementation can achieve real-time processing, while maintaining the methods accuracy, which indicate the potential of the proposed platform to implement high-performance, low-cost embedded systems, opening perspectives for onboard hyperspectral image processing.