Antropologia dos media: perspectivas e leituras

No presente artigo procurar-se-á fazer uma exposição de síntese sobre uma área emergente da Antropologia, denominada por Antropologia dos Media, estabelecendo de forma geral o seu percurso enquanto sub-disciplina académica e apresentando alguns dos trabalhos e autores que contribuíram decisivamente para o seu estabelecimento enquanto área de interesse e de produção no campo discursivo da Antropologia. Sendo esta uma área relativamente desconhecida em Portugal, pretende-se delinear um percurso de certa forma tradicional evocando os autores de maior visibilidade no contexto académico presente, percorrendo a história que estes e os seus antecessores construíram.

The influence of experience and training in a group of novice observers: a jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis

Purpose - The study evaluates the pre- and post-training lesion localisation ability of a group of novice observers. Parallels are drawn with the performance of inexperienced radiographers taking part in preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE) and ‘red-dot’ systems, operating within radiography practice. Materials and methods - Thirty-four novice observers searched 92 images for simulated lesions. Pre-training and post-training evaluations were completed following the free-response the receiver operating characteristic (FROC) method. Training consisted of observer performance methodology, the characteristics of the simulated lesions and information on lesion frequency. Jackknife alternative FROC (JAFROC) and highest rating inferred ROC analyses were performed to evaluate performance difference on lesion-based and case-based decisions. The significance level of the test was set at 0.05 to control the probability of Type I error. Results - JAFROC analysis (F(3,33) = 26.34, p < 0.0001) and highest-rating inferred ROC analysis (F(3,33) = 10.65, p = 0.0026) revealed a statistically significant difference in lesion detection performance. The JAFROC figure-of-merit was 0.563 (95% CI 0.512,0.614) pre-training and 0.677 (95% CI 0.639,0.715) post-training. Highest rating inferred ROC figure-of-merit was 0.728 (95% CI 0.701,0.755) pre-training and 0.772 (95% CI 0.750,0.793) post-training. Conclusions - This study has demonstrated that novice observer performance can improve significantly. This study design may have relevance in the assessment of inexperienced radiographers taking part in PCE or commenting scheme for trauma.

A new A(4) model for lepton mixing

We present a new model of the lepton sector that uses a family symmetry A(4) to make predictions for lepton mixing which are invariant under any permutation of the three flavours. We show that those predictions broadly agree with the experimental data, leading to a largish sin(2)theta(12) greater than or similar to 0.34, to vertical bar cos delta vertical bar greater than or similar to 0.7, and to vertical bar 0.5 - sin(2)theta(23)vertical bar greater than or similar to 0.08; cos delta and 0.5 - sin(2)theta(23) are predicted to have identical signs. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Loas a María: religiosidad popular en Portugal

El trabajo de la profesora Lucília José Justino supone a todas luces una contribución en un género textual poco estudiado desde una perspectiva textual, como son la Loas a Nuestra Senora de Nazaré. in Prefácio, Eloy Martos Núnez

Loas a Maria: religiosidade popular em Portugal

Lucília José Justino dedicou-se, com um fervor que não exclui o rigor - antes pelo contrário, o fortalece - a uma fecunda recolha de loas a Nossa Senhora que, só por si tornaria este livro precioso. Mas vai mais longe: estuda-as. O seu objectivo confessado é estudar as loas a Nossa Senhora da Nazaré, Círio da Prata Grande ou dos Saloios, do século XVIII ao século XXI. in Prefácio, Teresa Rita Lopes

O corpo na publicidade

Se detivermos um pouco o nosso olhar sobre a publicidade actual, verificamos que o corpo humano, não só da mulher, mas também do homem, é exibido, no seio de certas campanhas, com poses passíveis de suscitar em alguns destinatários sensações de sedução, de atracção e até de aflorar fantasias; ou, pelo contrário, provocar noutros reacções de indignação e mesmo repulsa. Tendo em atenção uma visão diferenciada entre corpo e atributos físicos/corporais que surgem nas imagens publicitárias, o modo como é apresentado e representado, nomeadamente as figuras, os gestos e posturas, cuja significação pode variar consoante o produto/marca aí publicitado e o destinatário do mesmo, este texto pretende demonstrar, com base num corpus de anúncios constituído por diversas campanhas publicitárias, os vários significados do corpo (vestido, seminu ou nu) respectivas poses, gestos, posturas e marcas corporais. É, ainda, objectivo evidenciar de que modo as representações, as práticas e s marcas corporais que emergem no corpus seleccionado manifestam os paradigmas sociais em vigor, isto é, a forma como as personagens inscritas reflectem as tendências físicas e os atributos corporais em uso na sociedade.

ECG signals for biometric applications: are we there yet?

The potential of the electrocardiographic (ECG) signal as a biometric trait has been ascertained in the literature over the past decade. The inherent characteristics of the ECG make it an interesting biometric modality, given its universality, intrinsic aliveness detection, continuous availability, and inbuilt hidden nature. These properties enable the development of novel applications, where non-intrusive and continuous authentication are critical factors. Examples include, among others, electronic trading platforms, the gaming industry, and the auto industry, in particular for car sharing programs and fleet management solutions. However, there are still some challenges to overcome in order to make the ECG a widely accepted biometric. In particular, the questions of uniqueness (inter-subject variability) and permanence over time (intra-subject variability) are still largely unanswered. In this paper we focus on the uniqueness question, presenting a preliminary study of our biometric recognition system, testing it on a database encompassing 618 subjects. We also performed tests with subsets of this population. The results reinforce that the ECG is a viable trait for biometrics, having obtained an Equal Error Rate of 9.01% and an Error of Identification of 15.64% for the entire test population.

In Situ Near-Infrared (NIR) Versus High-Throughput Mid- Infrared (MIR) Spectroscopy to Monitor Biopharmaceutical Production

The development of biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes presents critical constraints, with the major constraint being that living cells synthesize these molecules, presenting inherent behavior variability due to their high sensitivity to small fluctuations in the cultivation environment. To speed up the development process and to control this critical manufacturing step, it is relevant to develop high-throughput and in situ monitoring techniques, respectively. Here, high-throughput mid-infrared (MIR) spectral analysis of dehydrated cell pellets and in situ near-infrared (NIR) spectral analysis of the whole culture broth were compared to monitor plasmid production in recombinant Escherichia coil cultures. Good partial least squares (PLS) regression models were built, either based on MIR or NIR spectral data, yielding high coefficients of determination (R-2) and low predictive errors (root mean square error, or RMSE) to estimate host cell growth, plasmid production, carbon source consumption (glucose and glycerol), and by-product acetate production and consumption. The predictive errors for biomass, plasmid, glucose, glycerol, and acetate based on MIR data were 0.7 g/L, 9 mg/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.4 g/L, and 0.4 g/L, respectively, whereas for NIR data the predictive errors obtained were 0.4 g/L, 8 mg/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.2 g/L, and 0.4 g/L, respectively. The models obtained are robust as they are valid for cultivations conducted with different media compositions and with different cultivation strategies (batch and fed-batch). Besides being conducted in situ with a sterilized fiber optic probe, NIR spectroscopy allows building PLS models for estimating plasmid, glucose, and acetate that are as accurate as those obtained from the high-throughput MIR setup, and better models for estimating biomass and glycerol, yielding a decrease in 57 and 50% of the RMSE, respectively, compared to the MIR setup. However, MIR spectroscopy could be a valid alternative in the case of optimization protocols, due to possible space constraints or high costs associated with the use of multi-fiber optic probes for multi-bioreactors. In this case, MIR could be conducted in a high-throughput manner, analyzing hundreds of culture samples in a rapid and automatic mode.