Informação da dosimetria individual pelas organizações de saúde

A aplicação das radiações ionizantes na área da medicina tem vindo a crescer desde o século passado. Na área da medicina, existem três especialidades principais que desenvolvem as suas actividades recorrendo à aplicação de radiações ionizantes, no âmbito do diagnóstico e da terapêutica: a Medicina Nuclear, a Radiologia e a Radioterapia. Salienta-se uma quarta área, a Cardiopneumologia quando actua na cardiologia de intervenção. Segundo o Decreto-Lei nº 222/2008, de 17/11, cabe às Organizações de Saúde (OSs) a responsabilidade de assegurar a monitorização individual dos trabalhadores expostos a radiações ionizantes, a monitorização dos locais de trabalho e a vigilância médica dos trabalhadores expostos. No que respeita à monitorização individual dos profissionais, as OSs determinam qual e empresa que procederá ao fornecimento e leitura dos dosímetros, não esquecendo no momento da contratação o Decreto-Lei nº 222/2008, de 17/11, artigo 10, que salienta que a monitorização individual dos trabalhadores da categoria A deve ter uma periodicidade mensal, assim como as leituras de dosimetria individual também devem ser mensais. Todos os profissionais têm o direito de aceder a todos os dados referentes à sua monitorização individual das doses de radiação, incluindo os resultados das medições, individuais ou de área que levaram à estimação das doses recebidas. O objectivo geral deste estudo é verificar se as OSs notificam/informam os profissionais de saúde expostos a radiações ionizantes das leituras de dosimetria individual e com que periodicidade.

Equidade, cidadania e saúde: apontamentos para uma reflexão sociológica

Quando falamos em equidade, referimo-nos a um princípio ético intimamente ligado ao cumprimento dos direitos humanos e subordinado à ideia de justiça social, encarada como um ideal que corresponde à repartição equitativa dos recursos materiais e simbólicos, como o poder, o prestígio e o reconhecimento social. Assim, justiça social e equidade têm sentidos próximos e referem-se a valores e a escolhas sociais, o que confere ao conceito de equidade um carácter predominantemente moral, moldado pelas condições de relatividade histórica, social e cultural do pensamento dominante sobre a ética e os valores humanos. A este propósito, Bauman refere que moralidade tem a ver com escolha. Se não há escolha, não há moralidade. Quer dizer que sociedade, ordem social e cultura seriam inconcebíveis se a moralidade não constituísse o principal atributo das relações humanas. E no pensamento deste autor, sociedade representa a confrontação dos seres humanos com esta natureza moral, com a necessidade de fazerem escolhas, mesmo que, ao fim e ao cabo, concluam que a sua natureza está presa a essas mesmas escolhas. Desta reflexão surge a ideia de que a sociedade grava padrões de ética sobre a matéria bruta e plástica da moralidade, ou seja, que a ética é um produto social. Ser moral é estar submetido à necessidade de fazer escolhas, sob o constrangimento das condições mais ásperas e penosas da incerteza. Ser moral corresponde à capacidade de enfrentar dilemas morais e submeter-se à condição de viver a vida sob o signo da vacilação. Nesta condição reside em grande parte o valor da liberdade nas sociedades contemporâneas.

Consumos terapêuticos, percepção e gestão do risco

Da ubiquidade discursiva do risco ao seu enraizamento social. Ideologias de risco e de prevenção. O risco e as novas lógicas de investimentos terapêuticos. O risco nos territórios da racionalidade leiga. Percepções e gestão do risco: do retrato extensivo à análise das narrativas leigas. Mapeamentos leigos do risco: retrato panorâmico. Modulações narrativas e lógicas leigas na relação com o risco: percepções sociais e modalidades de gestão prática.

How important is personality in neurological patient' quality of life perception?

In the last decades, the value of research on neurological patients’ quality of life (QOL) has become unquestionable. In this context, most studies focus on the relationship between patients’ QOL and their sociodemographic and/or clinical and/or modifiable psychosocial characteristics. They give us information regarding the sociodemographic and clinical profile most prone to low QOL reports and also on ways to improve patients’ QOL (e.g., targeting their selfesteem). Nevertheless, little is known about the role nonmodifiable psychosocial variables can have on patients’ QOL perception. Consequently, the aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between QOL and personality in neurological patients.

Variation of magnetic properties in sedimentary rocks hosting the Foum Zguid dyke (southern Morocco): Combined effects of re-crystallization and Fe-metasomatism

The effects of dyke intrusion on the magnetic properties of host sedimentary rocks are still poorly understood. Therefore, we have evaluated bulk magnetic parameters of standard palaeomagnetic samples collected along several sections across the sediments hosting the Foum Zguid dyke in southern Morocco. The study has been completed with the evaluation of the magnetic fabric after laboratory application of sequential heating experiments. The present study shows that: (1) close to Fourn Zguid dykes, the variations of the bulk magnetic parameters and of the magnetic fabric is strongly related with re-crystallization and Fe-metasomatism intensity. (2) The thermal experiments on AMS of samples collected farther from the dyke and, thus, less affected by heating during dyke emplacement, indicate that 300-400 degrees C is the minimum experimental temperature necessary to trigger appreciable transformations of the pre-existing magnetic fabrics. For temperatures higher than ca. 580 degrees C, the magnetic fabric transformations are fully realized, with complete transposition of the initial fabric to a fabric similar to that of samples collected close to the dyke. Therefore, measured variations of the magnetic fabric can be used to evaluate re-crystallization temperatures experienced by the host sedimentary rock during dyke emplacement. The distinct magnetic behaviour observed along the cross-sections strongly suggests that samples collected farther from the dyke margins did not experience thermal episodes with temperatures higher than 300 degrees C after dyke emplacement. (3) AMS data shows a gradual variation of the magnetic fabric with distance from the dyke margin, from sub-horizontal K-3 away from the dyke to vertical K3 close to the dyke. Experimental heating shows that heat alone can be responsible for this strong variation. Therefore, such orientation changes should not be unequivocally interpreted as the result of a stress field (resulting from the emplacement of the dyke, for instance). (4) Magnetic studies prove to be a very sensitive tool to assess rock magnetic transformations, thermally and chemically induced by dyke intrusion in hosting sediments.

A New Modular Marx Derived Multilevel Converter

A new Modular Marx Multilevel Converter, M(3)C, is presented. The M(3)C topology was developed based on the Marx Generator concept and can contribute to technological innovation for sustainability by enabling wind energy off-shore modular multilevel power switching converters with an arbitrary number of levels. This paper solves both the DC capacitor voltage balancing problem and modularity problems of multilevel converters, using a modified cell of a solid-state Marx modulator, previously developed by authors for high voltage pulsed power applications. The paper details the structure and operation of the M(3)C modules, and their assembling to obtain multilevel converters. Sliding mode control is applied to a M(3)C leg and the vector leading to automatic capacitor voltage equalization is chosen. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed M(3)C topology.

Radiatively induced Lorentz and CPT violation in Schwinger constant field approximation

The Schwinger proper-time method is an effective calculation method, explicitly gauge-invariant and nonperturbative. We make use of this method to investigate the radiatively induced Lorentz- and CPT-violating effects in quantum electrodynamics when an axial-vector interaction term is introduced in the fermionic sector. The induced Lorentz- and CPT-violating Chern-Simons term coincides with the one obtained using a covariant derivative expansion but differs from the result usually obtained in other regularization schemes. A possible ambiguity in the approach is also discussed. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Estudo comparativo entre o tonómetro de aplanação de Goldmann e o tonómetro de não contacto em pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto

Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde

Contribuição para o estudo dos subprodutos de uma ETAR: gradados e areias

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil, na Área de Especialização de Hidráulica

Nuclear medicine technologist education and training in Europe: literature and web-based findings

Purpose - The education and training of a nuclear medicine technologist (NMT) is not homogeneous among European countries, which leads to different scope of practices and, therefore, different technical skills are assigned. The goal of this research was to characterize the education and training of NMT in Europe. Materials and methods - This study was based on a literature research to characterize the education and training of NMT and support the historical evolution of this profession. It was divided into two different phases: the first phase included analysis of scientific articles and the second phase included research of curricula that allow health professionals to work as NMT in Europe. Results - The majority of the countries [N=31 (89%)] offer the NMT curriculum integrated into the high education system and only in four (11%) countries the education is provided by professional schools. The duration in each education system is not equal, varying in professional schools (2-3 years) and high education level system (2-4 years), which means that different European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, such as 240, 230, 222, 210 or 180 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, are attributed to the graduates. The professional title and scope of the practice of NMT are different in different countries in Europe. In most countries of Europe, nuclear medicine training is not specific and curriculum does not demonstrate the Nuclear Medicine competencies performed in clinical practice. Conclusion - The heterogeneity in education and training for NMT is an issue prevalent among European countries. For NMT professional development, there is a huge need to formalize and unify educational and training programmes in Europe.

PINPIN a-Si: H based structures for X-ray image detection using the laser scanning technique

Conventional film based X-ray imaging systems are being replaced by their digital equivalents. Different approaches are being followed by considering direct or indirect conversion, with the later technique dominating. The typical, indirect conversion, X-ray panel detector uses a phosphor for X-ray conversion coupled to a large area array of amorphous silicon based optical sensors and a couple of switching thin film transistors (TFT). The pixel information can then be readout by switching the correspondent line and column transistors, routing the signal to an external amplifier. In this work we follow an alternative approach, where the electrical switching performed by the TFT is replaced by optical scanning using a low power laser beam and a sensing/switching PINPIN structure, thus resulting in a simpler device. The optically active device is a PINPIN array, sharing both front and back electrical contacts, deposited over a glass substrate. During X-ray exposure, each sensing side photodiode collects photons generated by the scintillator screen (560 nm), charging its internal capacitance. Subsequently a laser beam (445 nm) scans the switching diodes (back side) retrieving the stored charge in a sequential way, reconstructing the image. In this paper we present recent work on the optoelectronic characterization of the PINPIN structure to be incorporated in the X-ray image sensor. The results from the optoelectronic characterization of the device and the dependence on scanning beam parameters are presented and discussed. Preliminary results of line scans are also presented. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.