Exercício físico e hipertensão

O risco de doença cardiovascular duplica exponencialmente por cada aumento de 20 mmHg na PAS ou 10mmHg na PAD. Benefícios do exercício físico: melhora a depressão; melhora a autoconfiança e a auto-estima; melhora a ansiedade e o stress; melhora capacidades cognitivas; eventual auxílio na evicção de toxicomanias; baixa a pressão arterial; melhora o perfil lipídico: HDL, Triglicéridos e LDL; melhora a sensibilidade à insulina; diminui o stress; baixa o peso (sobretudo à custa da massa gorda); promove a manutenção ou aumento de massa muscular; acção modeladora do apetite; aumenta o metabolismo em repouso após a actividade •Aumenta a termogénese alimentar; aumenta o tónus muscular e o consumo calórico em repouso; aumenta a força; pode motivar para outros comportamentos saudáveis (ex: tabaco); menor incidência de infecções; menor incidência de neoplasias; previne a osteoporose aumentando a massa óssea ou atrasando a sua perda; atrasa certos processos do envelhecimento.

Adaptive deblocking filter for transform domain Wyner-Ziv video coding

Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding is a particular case of distributed video coding, the recent video coding paradigm based on the Slepian-Wolf and Wyner-Ziv theorems that exploits the source correlation at the decoder and not at the encoder as in predictive video coding. Although many improvements have been done over the last years, the performance of the state-of-the-art WZ video codecs still did not reach the performance of state-of-the-art predictive video codecs, especially for high and complex motion video content. This is also true in terms of subjective image quality mainly because of a considerable amount of blocking artefacts present in the decoded WZ video frames. This paper proposes an adaptive deblocking filter to improve both the subjective and objective qualities of the WZ frames in a transform domain WZ video codec. The proposed filter is an adaptation of the advanced deblocking filter defined in the H.264/AVC (advanced video coding) standard to a WZ video codec. The results obtained confirm the subjective quality improvement and objective quality gains that can go up to 0.63 dB in the overall for sequences with high motion content when large group of pictures are used.

Modifications of MCM-22 zeolite through sequential post-synthesis treatments. Implications on the acidic and catalytic behaviour

Desilication and a combination of alkaline followed by acid treatment were applied to MCM-22 zeolite using two different base concentrations. The samples were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, Al-27 and Si-29 MAS-NMR spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and low temperature N-2 adsorption. The acidity of the samples was study through pyridine adsorption followed by FTIR spectroscopy and by the analyses of the hydroxyl region. The catalytic behaviour, anticipated by the effect of post-synthesis treatments on the acidity and space available inside the two internal pore systems was evaluated by using the model reaction of m-xylene transformation. The generation of mesoporosity was achieved upon alkaline treatment with 0.05 M NaOH solution and practically no additional gain was obtained when the more concentrate solution, 0.1 M, was used. Instead, Al extraction takes place along with Si, as shown by Si-29 and Al-27 MAS-NMR data, followed by Al deposition as extraframework species. Samples submitted to alkaline plus acid treatments present distinct behaviour. When the lowest NaOH solution was used no relevant effect was observed on the textural characteristics. Additionally, when the acid treatment was performed on an already fragilized MCM-22 structure, due to previous desilication with 0.1 M NaOH solution, the extraction of Al from both internal pore systems promotes their interconnection, evolving from a 2-D to a 3-D porous structure. This transformation has a marked effect in the catalytic behaviour, allowing an increase of m-xylene conversion as a consequence of an easier and faster molecular traffic in the 3-D structure. On the other hand, the continuous deposition of extraframework Al species inside the pores leads to a shape selective effect that privileges the formation of the more valuable isomer p-xylene.