Peak force in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy

Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy FAP)- A neurodegenerative disease related with systemic deposition of amyloid fibers mainly at the level of the peripheral nervous system. Clinically, the disease is characterized by an autonomous sensitive-motor neuropathy, beginning nearly always in foot, and subsequently involving the hands. Purpose: Compare the levels of hand grip strength (peak force) in FAP patients with (FAPT) or without (FAPNT) liver transplant and in a healthy group (HG).

Superprodução, purificação e caracterização parcial de complexos proteína-polissacáridos inovadores a partir de estirpes de basidiomicetos

O presente trabalho teve como objectivo o estudo de meios de cultura, tendo em vista a superprodução de complexos proteína-polissacáridos, intracelulares e extracelulares, a partir dos basidiomicetos Pleurotus ostreatus e Lentinula edodes. O meio de cultura suplementado com soro de leite apresentou diversas vantagens para a obtenção dessas macromoléculas biológicas, face aos restantes meios analisados, pelo que foi seleccionado para a produção em fermentador de laboratório em regime descontínuo. O crescimento da cultura foi efectuado a 28°C, 200 rpm e durante 10 dias, e as produtividades de complexos proteína-polissacáridos obtidas para o Pleurotus ostreatus foram de 0,008 ± 8,12 x 10-5 g/(L.dia) e de 0,324 ± 0,005 g/(L.dia), para os complexos precipitados a partir da biomassa e do caldo de fermentação, respectivamente. Posteriormente, os complexos intracelulares e extracelulares foram purificados por cromatografia de filtração em gel e parcialmente caracterizados, revelando concentrações de polissacáridos superiores à concentração proteica, pseudo-actividade de superóxido dismutase, e valores de Mr entre 64 e 9 000kDa. As amostras de complexos proteína-polissacáridos foram caracterizadas por HPLC e apresentaram picos de UV e IR com tempos de retenção de aproximadamente 6 e 12 minutos, respectivamente. Após hidrólise ácida, os complexos heteropolissacáridos obtidos apresentaram na sua constituição glucose, ramnose e arabinose. Adicionalmente, a análise dos complexos proteína-polissacáridos por FT-IR revelou bandas de absorção características destas macromoleculas biológicas, designadamente, a 846,5; 1032,3; 1186,4; 1471,0; 1648,8; 2739,6 e 3419,3 cm-1 para o Pleurotus ostreatus e 862,3; 1044,1; 1474,9; 1644,8; 2372,0; 2992,5; e 3415,4 cm-1 para Lentinula edodes.

Determination of chitin content in fungal cell wall: an alternative flow cytometric method

The conventional methods used to evaluate chitin content in fungi, such as biochemical assessment of glucosamine release after acid hydrolysis or epifluorescence microscopy, are low throughput, laborious, time-consuming, and cannot evaluate a large number of cells. We developed a flow cytometric assay, efficient, and fast, based on Calcofluor White staining to measure chitin content in yeast cells. A staining index was defined, its value was directly related to chitin amount and taking into consideration the different levels of autofluorecence. Twenty-two Candida spp. and four Cryptococcus neoformans clinical isolates with distinct susceptibility profiles to caspofungin were evaluated. Candida albicans clinical isolate SC5314, and isogenic strains with deletions in chitin synthase 3 (chs3Δ/chs3Δ) and genes encoding predicted Glycosyl Phosphatidyl Inositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (pga31Δ/Δ and pga62Δ/Δ), were used as controls. As expected, the wild-type strain displayed a significant higher chitin content (P < 0.001) than chs3Δ/chs3Δ and pga31Δ/Δ especially in the presence of caspofungin. Ca. parapsilosis, Ca. tropicalis, and Ca. albicans showed higher cell wall chitin content. Although no relationship between chitin content and antifungal drug susceptibility phenotype was found, an association was established between the paradoxical growth effect in the presence of high caspofungin concentrations and the chitin content. This novel flow cytometry protocol revealed to be a simple and reliable assay to estimate cell wall chitin content of fungi.

Effects of fungal contamination on respiratory symptoms of poultry workers

Moulds are considered central elements in daily exposure of poultry workers and can be the cause of an increased risk of occupational respiratory diseases, like allergic and non-allergic rhinitis and asthma. The objective is to evaluate the exposure to different species of moulds in poultries and relate them with respiratory symptoms in poultry workers. Seven Portuguese poultries were analyzed in order to assess air fungal contamination, as well as to evaluate the existence of clinical symptoms associated with asthma and other allergy diseases by European Community Respiratory Health Survey questionnaire.

Generalized models from Beta(p,2) densities with strong allee effect: dynamical approach

A dynamical approach to study the behaviour of generalized populational growth models from Bets(p, 2) densities, with strong Allee effect, is presented. The dynamical analysis of the respective unimodal maps is performed using symbolic dynamics techniques. The complexity of the correspondent discrete dynamical systems is measured in terms of topological entropy. Different populational dynamics regimes are obtained when the intrinsic growth rates are modified: extinction, bistability, chaotic semistability and essential extinction.