Synthesis, structure and electrochemical behaviour of Na, Mg-II, Mn-II, Cd-II and Ni-II complexes of 3-(2-carboxyphenylhydrazone)pentane-2,4-dione

Mononuclear manganese(II) [Mn(kappa O-HL)(2)(CH3OH)(4)] (4), nickel(II) [Ni(kappa O-2, kappa N-L)(H2O)(3)] (5), cadmium(II) [Cd(kappa O-2-HL)(2)(CH3OH)(3)] (7), tetranuclear zinc(II) [Zn-4(mu-OH)(2)(1 kappa O:2 kappa O-HL)(4)(kappa O-HL)(2)(H2O)(4)] (6) and polynuclear aqua sodium(I) [Na(H2O)(2)(mu-H2O)(2)](n)(HL)(n) (2) and magnesium(II) [Mg(OH)(H2O)(mu-H2O)(2)](n)(-HL)(n) (3) complexes were synthesized using 3-(2-carboxyphenyl-hydrazone)pentane-2,4-dione (H2L, 1) as a ligand precursor. The complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR (for 2, 3, 6 and 7) spectroscopies. Mono- or dianionic deprotonated derivatives of H2L display different coordination modes and lead to topologies and nuclearities of the complexes depending on metal ions and conditions used for the syntheses. Extensive intermolecular H-bonds form supramolecular arrangements in 1D chains (4 and 6), 1D chains of the organic anion and 2D networks of the metal-aqua aggregates (2 and 3), 2D networks (7) or even 3D frameworks (5). Electrochemical studies, by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis, show ligand centred redox processes as corroborated by theoretical DFT calculations in terms of LUMO and HOMO compositions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of 2.3 & 5 mega pixel (MP) resolution monitors when detecting mammography image blurring

Background - Image blurring in Full Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) is reported to be a problem within many UK breast screening units resulting in significant proportion of technical repeats/recalls. Our study investigates monitors of differing pixel resolution, and whether there is a difference in blurring detection between a 2.3 MP technical review monitor and a 5MP standard reporting monitor. Methods - Simulation software was created to induce different magnitudes of blur on 20 artifact free FFDM screening images. 120 blurred and non-blurred images were randomized and displayed on the 2.3 and 5MP monitors; they were reviewed by 28 trained observers. Monitors were calibrated to the DICOM Grayscale Standard Display Function. T-test was used to determine whether significant differences exist in blurring detection between the monitors. Results - The blurring detection rate on the 2.3MP monitor for 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mm blur was 46, 59, 66, 77and 78% respectively; and on the 5MP monitor 44, 70, 83 , 96 and 98%. All the non-motion images were identified correctly. A statistical difference (p <0.01) in the blurring detection rate between the two monitors was demonstrated. Conclusions - Given the results of this study and knowing that monitors as low as 1 MP are used in clinical practice, we speculate that technical recall/repeat rates because of blurring could be reduced if higher resolution monitors are used for technical review at the time of imaging. Further work is needed to determine monitor minimum specification for visual blurring detection.

Boas práticas no rastreio visual infantil

A perda de visão, causada por ambliopia (0.3%‐4%) e seus fatores de risco como estrabismo (2.1%‐4.6%) e erros refrativos não corrigidos (5%‐7.7%), representa um importante problema de saúde pública. O rastreio visual pré‐escolar é, assim, essencial para a deteção de ambliopia e fatores ambliogénicos (refrativos e estrábicos). Os programas de rastreio visual variam na sua aplicação em muitos países em toda a Europa e não se avalia sistematicamente a eficácia dos mesmos. Por esse motivo, é necessária discussão e reflexão sobre a temática: 1. Quais os programas de rastreio mais apropriados para fornecer um correto e atempado tratamento? 2. Será que os programas de rastreio são adequados para reduzir as desigualdades em saúde e o custo para os sistemas de saúde? Objetivo do estudo - Identificar práticas de referência no âmbito do rastreio visual infantil.

Estrabismo, acuidade visual e erro refrativo não corrigido na criança em idade escolar

Preventable visual loss in children is an important public health problem. The critical period of susceptibility to deprivation or abnormal visual experience has been identified since the early 1970s. Preventable visual loss caused by amblyopia (0.3%–4%) and its risk factors such as strabismus (2.1%–4.6%) and uncorrected refractive errors (5%–7.7%) represent an important public health problem. Thus the primary justification for preschool vision screening is the detection of amblyopia or amblyogenic refractive, strabismic, or ocular disease conditions. However in Portugal there has been little investigation regarding prevalence of visual anomalies among school-age children. Data on the prevalence are lacking but are needed for planning vision services. Aims: 1) Determine the prevalence of strabismus; 2) Determine the prevalence of decreased visual acuity; 3) Determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error.

Os conceitos dos alunos do 2º e 4º anos sobre triângulos e as definições que utilizam

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Matemática na Educação Pré-escolar e nos 1º e 2º Ciclos do Ensino Básico