Solubility of red 153 and blue 1 in supercritical carbon dioxide

Solubilities of red 153, (3-[[4-[[5,6(or 6,7)-dichloro-2-benzothiazolyl]azo]phenyl]ethylamino]propanenitrile), an azo compound, and disperse blue1 (1,4,5,8-tetraaminoantraquinone) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO(2)) were measured at T = (333.2 to 393.2) K over the pressure range (12.0 to 40.0) MPa by a flow type apparatus. The solubility of red 153 (0.985. 10(-6) to 37.2. 10(-6)) in the overall region of measurements is found to be significantly higher than that of disperse blue 1 (1.12.10(-7) to 4.89.10(-7)). The solubility behavior of disperse red 153 follows the general solubility trend displayed by disperse dyes with a crossover pressure at about 20 MPa. On the other hand, blue 1, which is a disperse anthraquinone dye, exhibits unexpected behavior not recorded previously there is no crossover pressure at the temperature and pressure ranges studied, and the dye's solubility at T = 333.2 K practically does not increase with pressure. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous measurements of blue 1 solubility in SC CO(2) reported in the literature. The experimental data were correlated by using the Soave Redlich Kwong equation of state (EoS) with the one-fluid van der Waals mixing rule, and an acceptable correlation of the solubility data for both dyes was obtained.

Do texto literário de género não dramático ao texto da cena

Esta dissertação tem como objectivo fazer uma reflexão sobre o processo de adaptação de um texto literário de género não dramático ao texto levado à cena, ou seja, à escrita cénica de um encenador. Ao longo das próximas páginas, irei abordar as diferenças existentes no processo de recepção de um objecto literário e de um objecto assistido: o espectáculo de teatro. Aqui irei dissecar o papel do leitor e do espectador, salientando o trabalho que o encenador tem de efectuar durante a adaptação (fazendo referência aos elementos cénicos que compõem a cena teatral) e a sua relação com o autor. Irei também percorrer a história da encenação desde o seu aparecimento, no final do século XIX com André Antoine, tratando, posteriormente, da evolução da relação do encenador com o autor / texto. Para finalizar, revelarei as motivações e cuidados que três criadores portugueses, João Brites (do Grupo de Teatro O Bando), Miguel Seabra e Natália Luíza (ambos do Teatro Meridional) têm com adaptações de textos literários de género não dramático para cena.

O desenvolvimento da consciência morfológica em crianças de cinco anos

Este estudo de intervenção tem como objectivo estudar se a consciência morfológica em crianças de cinco anos é susceptível de ser estimulada através de uma intervenção específica, antes da iniciação formal à leitura e escrita. Avaliaram-se os efeitos do treino em consciência morfológica na capacidade das crianças para: a) captarem o tipo de transformação morfológica existente entre um par de palavras e aplicarem-no, por analogia, a estímulos novos; b) usarem processos de flexão e derivação na formação de famílias de palavras; c) acederem à constituição morfémica dos estímulos (morfema-base e afixos), reconhecer o seu significado particular e interpretar os morfemas em conjunto, em pseudo-palavras. Neste estudo participaram 45 crianças de cinco anos de idade, a frequentar um jardim-de-infância, divididas em três condições experimentais: a) grupo de intervenção em consciência morfológica; b) grupo de controlo 1, com acesso aos mesmos materiais mas sem intervenção em consciência morfológica; c) grupo de controlo 2, sem intervenção. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma significativa superioridade das crianças do grupo de intervenção, em relação aos dois grupos de controlo, quanto a duas capacidades estudadas: o uso de processos de flexão e derivação na formação de famílias de palavras e o acesso à constituição morfémica dos estímulos (morfema-base e afixos), reconhecimento do seu significado particular e interpretação dos morfemas em conjunto. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças quanto à habilidade para usar analogias entre palavras. Este último resultado pode dever-se à grande complexidade da morfologia verbal envolvida. Comprovou-se ainda que o efeito da intervenção não era explicável por diferenças em inteligência verbal. Salientam-se duas conclusões mais relevantes: 1 – É possível estimular o desenvolvimento da consciência morfológica em crianças de cinco anos, antes da iniciação formal à leitura e escrita, através de procedimentos intencionais por parte do educador. 2 – O desenvolvimento dessa competência pelo educador de infância potencia a qualidade da supervisão dirigida aos futuros profissionais.

Mapping atmospheric pollutants emissions in European countries

In this paper we present a methodology which enables the graphical representation, in a bi-dimensional Euclidean space, of atmospheric pollutants emissions in European countries. This approach relies on the use of Multidimensional Unfolding (MDU), an exploratory multivariate data analysis technique. This technique illustrates both the relationships between the emitted gases and the gases and their geographical origins. The main contribution of this work concerns the evaluation of MDU solutions. We use simulated data to define thresholds for the model fitting measures, allowing the MDU output quality evaluation. The quality assessment of the model adjustment is thus carried out as a step before interpretation of the gas types and geographical origins results. The MDU maps analysis generates useful insights, with an immediate substantive result and enables the formulation of hypotheses for further analysis and modeling.

Study of the one dimensional and transient bioheat transfer equation: Multi-layer solution development and applications

: In this work we derive an analytical solution given by Bessel series to the transient and one-dimensional (1D) bioheat transfer equation in a multi-layer region with spatially dependent heat sources. Each region represents an independent biological tissue characterized by temperature-invariant physiological parameters and a linearly temperature dependent metabolic heat generation. Moreover, 1D Cartesian, cylindrical or spherical coordinates are used to define the geometry and temperature boundary conditions of first, second and third kinds are assumed at the inner and outer surfaces. We present two examples of clinical applications for the developed solution. In the first one, we investigate two different heat source terms to simulate the heating in a tumor and its surrounding tissue, induced during a magnetic fluid hyperthermia technique used for cancer treatment. To obtain an accurate analytical solution, we determine the error associated with the truncated Bessel series that defines the transient solution. In the second application, we explore the potential of this model to study the effect of different environmental conditions in a multi-layered human head model (brain, bone and scalp). The convective heat transfer effect of a large blood vessel located inside the brain is also investigated. The results are further compared with a numerical solution obtained by the Finite Element Method and computed with COMSOL Multi-physics v4.1 (c). (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pessoas com epilepsia e os outros: relações pacíficas?

A Escala de Estigma e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida foram administradas a 92 indivíduos com epilepsia, para analisar o bem-estar subjectivo (BES), o estigma e seus correlatos. Os scores de BES oscilaram entre 32,5 e 100 (M=66,11, DP=16,06), os de estigma entre 5 e 35 (M=26,93, DP=8,20). O estigma correlacionou-se com: BES e percepção de doença, não variando em função do meio habitacional. O estigma percebido, indicador de relações pouco pacíficas, pode reduzir o BES e ter um impacto negativo na percepção de doença.

Relevant elderly gait features for functional fitness level grouping

Locomotor tasks characterization plays an important role in trying to improve the quality of life of a growing elderly population. This paper focuses on this matter by trying to characterize the locomotion of two population groups with different functional fitness levels (high or low) while executing three different tasks-gait, stair ascent and stair descent. Features were extracted from gait data, and feature selection methods were used in order to get the set of features that allow differentiation between functional fitness level. Unsupervised learning was used to validate the sets obtained and, ultimately, indicated that it is possible to distinguish the two population groups. The sets of best discriminate features for each task are identified and thoroughly analysed. Copyright © 2014 SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. All rights reserved.

The electric vehicles as a mean to reduce Co2 emissions and energy costs in isolated regions: the São Miguel (Azores) case study

Most of small islands around the world today, are dependent on imported fossil fuels for the majority of their energy needs especially for transport activities and electricity production. The use of locally renewable energy resources and the implementation of energy efficiency measures could make a significant contribution to their economic development by reducing fossil fuel imports. An electrification of vehicles has been suggested as a way to both reduce pollutant emissions and increase security of supply of the transportation sector by reducing the dependence on oil products imports and facilitate the accommodation of renewable electricity generation, such as wind and, in the case of volcanic islands like Sao Miguel (Azores) of the geothermal energy whose penetration has been limited by the valley electricity consumption level. In this research, three scenarios of EV penetration were studied and it was verified that, for a 15% LD fleet replacement by EVs with 90% of all energy needs occurring during the night, the accommodation of 10 MW of new geothermal capacity becomes viable. Under this scenario, reductions of 8% in electricity costs, 14% in energy, 23% in fossil fuels use and CO2 emissions for the transportation and electricity production sectors could be expected.

Simulation of rectifier voltage malfunction on OWECS, four-level converter, HVDC light link: Smart grid context tool

This paper presents a model for the simulation of an offshore wind system having a rectifier input voltage malfunction at one phase. The offshore wind system model comprises a variable-speed wind turbine supported on a floating platform, equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator using full-power four-level neutral point clamped converter. The link from the offshore floating platform to the onshore electrical grid is done through a light high voltage direct current submarine cable. The drive train is modeled by a three-mass model. Considerations about the smart grid context are offered for the use of the model in such a context. The rectifier voltage malfunction domino effect is presented as a case study to show capabilities of the model. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.