Superprodução, purificação e caracterização parcial de complexos proteína-polissacáridos inovadores a partir de estirpes de basidiomicetos

O presente trabalho teve como objectivo o estudo de meios de cultura, tendo em vista a superprodução de complexos proteína-polissacáridos, intracelulares e extracelulares, a partir dos basidiomicetos Pleurotus ostreatus e Lentinula edodes. O meio de cultura suplementado com soro de leite apresentou diversas vantagens para a obtenção dessas macromoléculas biológicas, face aos restantes meios analisados, pelo que foi seleccionado para a produção em fermentador de laboratório em regime descontínuo. O crescimento da cultura foi efectuado a 28°C, 200 rpm e durante 10 dias, e as produtividades de complexos proteína-polissacáridos obtidas para o Pleurotus ostreatus foram de 0,008 ± 8,12 x 10-5 g/(L.dia) e de 0,324 ± 0,005 g/(L.dia), para os complexos precipitados a partir da biomassa e do caldo de fermentação, respectivamente. Posteriormente, os complexos intracelulares e extracelulares foram purificados por cromatografia de filtração em gel e parcialmente caracterizados, revelando concentrações de polissacáridos superiores à concentração proteica, pseudo-actividade de superóxido dismutase, e valores de Mr entre 64 e 9 000kDa. As amostras de complexos proteína-polissacáridos foram caracterizadas por HPLC e apresentaram picos de UV e IR com tempos de retenção de aproximadamente 6 e 12 minutos, respectivamente. Após hidrólise ácida, os complexos heteropolissacáridos obtidos apresentaram na sua constituição glucose, ramnose e arabinose. Adicionalmente, a análise dos complexos proteína-polissacáridos por FT-IR revelou bandas de absorção características destas macromoleculas biológicas, designadamente, a 846,5; 1032,3; 1186,4; 1471,0; 1648,8; 2739,6 e 3419,3 cm-1 para o Pleurotus ostreatus e 862,3; 1044,1; 1474,9; 1644,8; 2372,0; 2992,5; e 3415,4 cm-1 para Lentinula edodes.

Preliminary results of a study of magnetic properties in the Foum-Zguid dyke (Morocco)

This work focuses on the study of flow and propagation of magma using rock magnetic analyses along sections across the thick Jurassic dyke of Foum-Zguid (Southern Morocco). Thermomagnetic data show that Ti-poor titanomagnetite is the main magnetic carrier. Petrographic analysis shows that the main Ti phase (ilmenite) occurs either as lamellae within spinel (center of the dyke) or as isolated grains (dyke margin). Bulk magnetic properties display distinct behavior according to the distance to the dyke margin; grain size of the main magnetic carrier decreases towards the center of the dyke, while the natural remanent magnetization and the bulk magnetic susceptibility increase. Only the magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid close to the dyke margin corresponds to that usually found in thin dykes, with the magnetic foliation sub parallel to dyke margins. Maximum principal axis is in most cases either parallel or perpendicular to the intersection between the planes of magnetic foliation and dyke wall. Moreover, when this axis is perpendicular to the intersection it is associated with a more oblate magnetic susceptibility ellipsoid shape, indicating the presence of complex magnetic fabrics. The studied magnetic properties show that, in this 100 m wide thick dyke, flow structures related with dyke propagation are only preserved close to the quickly cooled dyke margins.

Measuring spatial interaction behavior in team sports using superimposed Voronoi diagrams

In team sports, the spatial distribution of players on the field is determined by the interaction behavior established at both player and team levels. The distribution patterns observed during a game emerge from specific technical and tactical methods adopted by the teams, and from individual, environmental and task constraints that influence players' behaviour. By understanding how specific patterns of spatial interaction are formed, one can characterize the behavior of the respective teams and players. Thus, in the present work we suggest a novel spatial method for describing teams' spatial interaction behaviour, which results from superimposing the Voronoi diagrams of two competing teams. We considered theoretical patterns of spatial distribution in a well-defined scenario (5 vs 4+ GK played in a field of 20x20m) in order to generate reference values of the variables derived from the superimposed Voronoi diagrams (SVD). These variables were tested in a formal application to empirical data collected from 19 Futsal trials with identical playing settings. Results suggest that it is possible to identify a number of characteristics that can be used to describe players' spatial behavior at different levels, namely the defensive methods adopted by the players.