Trabalho em ambientes refrigerados: estudo de caso com a realização de monitorização ambiental e electrocardiográfica

Introdução - Em ambientes laborais de baixa temperatura ocorrem reacções fisiológicas destinadas a ajustar o equilíbrio térmico que podem conduzir a sobrecarga cardiovascular. Contudo, em várias áreas de actividade o frio é um factor essencial para a produção, o que torna a exposição ocupacional uma realidade incontornável. Este estudo teve como objectivo identificar alterações electrocardiográficas em trabalhadores de uma Indústria de Processamento de Carnes (IPC), em condições laborais de baixa temperatura (<8ºC) e caracterizar o ambiente térmico. Metodologia - Foram medidos por equipamento específico os parâmetros ambientais (temperatura, humidade relativa e velocidade do ar). Foram calculados o índice IREQ (isolamento requerido pelo vestuário) e o nível de actividade metabólica por posto de trabalho. A monitorização electrocardiográfica foi efectuada através de electrocardiografia ambulatória de Holter (EcgAH). Para recolha de dados complementares ao EcgAH, foram também utilizados um diário de EcgAH, um questionário e um termómetro digital. Resultados/Discussão - A amostra em estudo estava sujeita a um grau hipotérmico ligeiro, podendo dever-se à ausência de exposição a stress térmico e à confluência de factores como: a elevada percentagem de trabalhadores que utiliza vestuário adicional além do protector cedido pela IPC e a elevada taxa metabólica inferida pela análise da frequência cardíaca. Os resultados deste estudo divergiram dos da literatura consultada, não se identificando qualquer expressão electrocardiográfica comum na hipotermia. Considerações finais - Sugere-se a implementação de algumas medidas de carácter organizacional uma vez que, por questões produtivas, é impossível alterar as condições térmicas. Apesar de não se terem identificado alterações electrocardiográficas, considera-se pertinente integrar exames do foro cardiovascular (para além do electrocardiograma, também o electrocardiograma ambulatório de Holter, a medição ambulatória da pressão arterial e ecocardiograma) nos exames realizados no âmbito da medicina do trabalho, pois ambientes refrigerados podem promover alterações a nível cardíaco.

Palaeomagnetism, rock magnetism and AMS of the Cabo Magmatic Province, NE Brazil, and the opening of South Atlantic

P>Reconstruction of the South Atlantic opening has long been a matter of debate and several models have been proposed. One problem in tracing properly the Atlantic history arises from the existence of a long interval without geomagnetic reversals, the Cretaceous Normal Superchron, for which ages are difficult to assign. Palaeomagnetism may help in addressing this issue if high-quality palaeomagnetic poles are available for the two drifting continental blocks, and if precise absolute ages are available. In this work we have investigated the Cabo Magmatic Province, northeastern Brazil, recently dated at 102 +/- 1 Ma (zircon fission tracks, Ar39/Ar40). All volcanic and plutonic rocks showed stable thermal and AF demagnetization patterns, and exhibit primary magnetic signatures. AMS data also support a primary origin for the magnetic fabric and is interpreted to be contemporaneous of the rock formation. The obtained pole is located at 335.9 degrees E/87.9 degrees S (N = 24; A(95) = 2.5; K = 138) and satisfies modern quality criteria, resulting in a reference pole for South America at similar to 100 Ma. This new pole also gives an insight to test and discuss the kinematic models currently proposed for the South Atlantic opening during mid-Cretaceous.

Computing the phase diagram of binary mixtures: A patchy particle case study

We investigate the phase behaviour of 2D mixtures of bi-functional and three-functional patchy particles and 3D mixtures of bi-functional and tetra-functional patchy particles by means of Monte Carlo simulations and Wertheim theory. We start by computing the critical points of the pure systems and then we investigate how the critical parameters change upon lowering the temperature. We extend the successive umbrella sampling method to mixtures to make it possible to extract information about the phase behaviour of the system at a fixed temperature for the whole range of densities and compositions of interest. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

Exposure to particles and fungi in Portuguese swine production

Versão preprint.

O conhecimento profissional dos professores, construção e uso. da formação ao reconhecimento social

Neste artigo analisa-se o estado actual da representação do conhecimento profissional específico, sustentador e legitimador do exercício da docência. Discute-se num primeiro momento a sua natureza e construção social e histórica e algumas das ambiguidades decorrentes da dispersão dos referenciais do seu reconhecimento social. Problematizam-se, a partir desse quadro, alguns factores que influenciam a representação dominante desse saber, nomeadamente apresentando dados de pesquisas de doutoramento em curso, desenvolvidas pelas autoras em universidades de Portugal e Espanha. Essas pesquisas incidem sobre (1) o estudo do lugar atribuído à produção de conhecimento através da investigação, em programas de formação inicial, e características de que se reveste o conhecimento produzido nesse âmbito (2) a análise de dimensões da representação social que o reflectem e se traduzem,entre outros aspectos, nos formatos particulares da certificação para a docência, aqui referenciados ao caso português e (3) o estudo da percepção da construção do conhecimento profissional de docentes e futuros docentes envolvidos em processos formativos centrados na reflexão sobre as práticas e em práticas supervisivas. O conhecimento profissional docente constitui-se hoje como uma área de pesquisa relevante, particularmente na ressignificação da profissionalidade docente face ao universo de complexidade e heterogeneidade que caracteriza as sociedades que escola e professores são supostos servir.

Occupational exposure to particulate matter and fungi in a composting plant: case study in Portugal

The handling of waste can be responsible for occupational exposure to particles and fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize exposure to particles and fungi in a composting plant. Measurements of particulate matter were performed using portable direct-reading equipment. Air samples of 50L were collected through an impaction method with a flow rate of 140L/min onto malt extract agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.05%). Surfaces samples were also collected. All the samples were incubated at 27ºC for 5 to 7 days. Particulate matter data showed higher contamination for PM, and PM10 sizes. Aspergillus genus presents the highest air prevalence (90.6%). Aspergillus niger (32.6%), A. fumigatus (26.5%) and A. flavus (16.3%) were the most prevalent fungi in air sampling, and Mucor sp. (39.2%), Aspergillus niger (30.9%) and A. fumigatus (28.7%) were the most found in surfaces. the results obtained claim the attention to the need of further research.

Exposure assessment to ionizing radiation in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizer

Present study develops and implements a specific methodology for the assessment of health risks derived from occupational exposure of workers to ionizing radiation in the fertilizer manufacturing industry. Negative effects on the health of exposed workers are identified, according to the types and levels of exposure to which they are subject, namely an increase of the risk of cancer even with long term exposure to low level radiation. Ionizing radiation types, methods and measuring equipment are characterized. The methodology developed in a case study of a phosphate fertilizer industry is applied, assessing occupational exposure to ionizing radiation caused by external radiation and the inhalation of radioactive gases and dust.

Design, synthesis and biologival evaluation of novel isoniazid derivatives with potente antitubercular activity

The disturbing emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been driving the scientific community to urgently search for new and efficient antitubercular drugs. Despite the various drugs currently under evaluation, isoniazid is still the key and most effective component in all multi-therapeutic regimens recommended by the WHO. This paper describes the QSAR-oriented design, synthesis and in vitro antitubercular activity of several potent isoniazid derivatives (isonicotinoyl hydrazones and isonicotinoyl hydrazides) against H37Rv and two resistant Mtb strains. QSAR studies entailed RFs and ASNNs classification models, as well as MLR models. Strict validation procedures were used to guarantee the models' robustness and predictive ability. Lipophilicity was shown not to be relevant to explain the activity of these derivatives, whereas shorter N-N distances and lengthy substituents lead to more active compounds. Compounds I, 2, 4, 5 and 6, showed measured activities against H37Rv higher than INH (i.e., MIC <= 0.28 mu M), while compound 9 exhibited a six fold decrease in MIC against the katG (S315T) mutated strain, by comparison with INH (Le., 6.9 vs. 43.8 mu M). All compounds were ineffective against H37Rv(INH) (Delta katG), a strain with a full deletion of the katG gene, thus corroborating the importance of KatG in the activation of INH-based compounds. The most potent compounds were also shown not to be cytotoxic up to a concentration 500 times higher than MIC. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Study of thermochemical treatments of cork in the 150-400ºC range using colour analysis and Ftir spectroscopy

A study of chemical transformations of cork during heat treatments was made using colour variation and FTIR analysis. The cork enriched fractions from Quercus cerris bark were subjected to isothermal heating in the temperature range 150–400 ◦C and treatment time from 5 to 90 min. Mass loss ranged from 3% (90 min at 150 ◦C) to 71% (60 min at 350 ◦C). FTIR showed that hemicelluloses were thermally degraded first while suberin remained as the most heat resistant component. The change of CIE-Lab parameters was rapid for low intensity treatments where no significant mass loss occurred (at 150 ◦C L* decreased from the initial 51.5 to 37.3 after 20 min). The decrease in all colour parameters continued with temperature until they remained substantially constant with over 40% mass loss. Modelling of the thermally induced mass loss could be made using colour analysis. This is applicable to monitoring the production of heat expanded insulation agglomerates.

Upper crustal structure of Madeira Island revealed from ambient noise tomography

We present the first image of the Madeira upper crustal structure, using ambient seismic noise tomography. 16 months of ambient noise, recorded in a dense network of 26 seismometers deployed across Madeira, allowed reconstructing Rayleigh wave Green's functions between receivers. Dispersion analysis was performed in the short period band from 1.0 to 4.0 s. Group velocity measurements were regionalized to obtain 20 tomographic images, with a lateral resolution of 2.0 km in central Madeira. Afterwards, the dispersion curves, extracted from each cell of the 2D group velocity maps, were inverted as a function of depth to obtain a 3D shear wave velocity model of the upper crust, from the surface to a depth of 2.0 km. The obtained 3D velocity model reveals features throughout the island that correlates well with surface geology and island evolution. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.