44 resultados para -monoidal categories
em Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa - Portugal
Resumo:
An education promoting scientific literacy (SL) that prepares the citizens to a responsible citizenship has persisted as an argument across discussions on curricula design. The ubiquity of science and technology on contemporary societies and the ideological requirement of informed democratic participation led to the identification of relevant categories that drive curriculum reforms towards a humanistic approach of school science. The category Science as culture acquires in the current work a major importance: it enlightens the meaning of scientific literacy. Looking closely to the French term, culture scientifique et tecnologique, turns science simultaneously into a cultural object and product that can be both received and worked at different levels and within several approaches by the individuals and the communities. On the other hand, nonformal and informal education spaces gain greater importance. Together with the formal school environment these spaces allow for an enrichment and diversification of learning experiences. Examples of nonformal spaces where animators can develop their work may be science museums or botanical gardens; television and internet can be regarded as informal education spaces. Due to the above mentioned impossibility of setting apart the individual or community-based experiences from Science and Technology (S&T), the work in nonformal and informal spaces sets an additional challenge to the preparation of socio-cultural animators. Socio-scientific issues take, at times, heavily relevance within the communities. Pollution, high tension lines, spreading of diseases, food contamination or natural resources conservation are among the socio-scientific issues that often call upon arguments and emotions. In the context of qualifying programmes on socio-cultural animation (social education and community development) within European Higher Education Area (EHEA) the present study describes the Portuguese framework. The comparison of programmes within Portugal aims to contribute to the discussion on the curriculum design for a socio-cultural animator degree (1st cycle of Bologna process). In particular, this study intends to assess how the formation given complies with enabling animators to work, within multiple scenarios, with communities in situations of socio-scientific relevance. A set of themes, issues and both current and potential fields of action, not described or insufficiently described in literature, is identified and analysed in the perspective of a qualified intervention of animators. One of these examples is thoroughly discussed. Finally, suggestions are made about curriculum reforms in order, if possible, to strongly link the desired qualified intervention with a qualifying formation.
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With this article we intend to contribute to the understanding of what can make Online Collaborative Teams (OCT) effective. This is done by identifying what can be considered best practices for individual team members, for leaders of OCT, and for the organizations that the teams are a part of. Best practices in these categories were identified from the existing literature related to online teams and collaborative work literature.
Resumo:
A evoluo tecnolgica e das sociedades permitiu que, hoje em dia, uma boa parte da populao tenha acesso a dispositivos mveis com funcionalidades avanadas. Com este tipo de dispositivos, temos acesso a inmeras fontes de informao em tempo-real, mas esta caracterstica ainda no , hoje em dia, aproveitada na sua totalidade. Este projecto tenta tirar partido desta realidade para, utilizando os diversos dispositivos mveis, criar uma rede de troca de informaes de trnsito. O utilizador apenas necessita de servir-se do seu dispositivo mvel para, automaticamente, obter as mais recentes informaes de trnsito enquanto, paralelamente, partilha com os outros utilizadores a sua informao. Apesar de existirem outras alternativas no mercado, com solues que permitem usufruir do mesmo tipo de funcionalidades, nenhuma utiliza este tipo de dispositivos (GPSs convencionais, por exemplo). Um dos requisitos necessrio na implementao deste projecto uma soluo de geocoding. Aps terem sido testadas vrias solues, nenhuma cumpria, na totalidade, os requisitos deste projecto, o que originou o desenvolvimento de uma nova soluo que cumpre esses requisitos. A soluo , toda ela, muito modular, formada por vrios componentes, cada um com responsabilidades bem identificadas. A arquitectura desta soluo baseia-se nos padres de desenvolvimento de uma Service Oriented Architecture. Todos os componentes disponibilizam as suas operaes atravs de web services, e a sua descoberta recorre ao protocolo WS-Discovery. Estes vrios componentes podem ser divididos em duas categorias: os do ncleo, responsveis por criar e oferecer as funcionalidades requisitadas neste projecto e os mdulos externos, nos quais se incluem as aplicaes que apresentam as funcionalidades ao utilizador. Foram criadas duas formas de consumir a informao oferecida pelo servio SIAT: a aplicao mvel e um website. No mbito dos dispositivos mveis, foi desenvolvida uma aplicao para o sistema operativo Windows Phone 7.
Resumo:
Introduo: A produo e o uso da literatura cientfica so analisados, quantificados e interpretados pela bibliometria, cincia utilizada para estudos mtricos da informao publicada e que estuda as questes relacionadas com a comunicao cientfica e a atividade cientfica. Objetivo: O estudo apresentado uma anlise bibliomtrica da produo cientfica portuguesa da rea da sade indexada na Web of Science. Mtodos: Analisa-se a produo referente ao perodo entre 1992 e final de 2011. A anlise da produo cientfica centrou-se nas seguintes variveis: categorias de classificao da Web of Science, tipologia de documentos indexados, ttulos de revistas, distribuio por anos de publicao, afiliao institucional, idiomas, pases de origem dos autores com quem foram estabelecidas relaes de parceria cientfica e quem facultou os financiamentos investigao cientfica. Resultados: Foram contabilizados 34.208 trabalhos. Destes, o artigo a forma mais utilizada pelos autores portugueses para a divulgao dos resultados de investigao (58,5%). A dcada mais recente contemplada com 75,4% dos registos. A maioria da produo com visibilidade internacional oriunda de universidades e de centros de investigao hospitalar; institutos, laboratrios da indstria farmacutica e universidades estrangeiras tm valores residuais. A colaborao com outros investigadores internacionais destaca-se no caso da Europa (73,2%). O financiamento da investigao cientfica suportado basicamente pela Fundao para a Cincia e Tecnologia (59,5%), seguida da Comisso Europeia (17,8%). O ingls o idioma mais usado para a divulgao dos resultados de investigao nacional na rea da sade (97,8%). Concluses: O uso de bases de dados ou de plataformas cientficas para estudos bibliomtricos um processo moroso e difcil. O total de trabalhos em anlise foi sempre o mesmo mas, em algumas variveis, os valores no coincidem, quer porque alguns dos registos foram classificados em mais do que uma categoria temtica, quer pelos trabalhos multidisciplinares oriundos das mesmas instituies, quer pelos trabalhos de colaborao internacional. Tambm no presente estudo os artigos so o veculo privilegiado para a divulgao dos resultados cientficos. Apontamento final: deve encorajar-se a utilizao de outras plataformas cientficas e de outras bases de dados para uma mais completa recuperao da produo cientfica nacional na rea da sade. Introduction: The production and the use of the scientific literature are analyzed, quantified and interpreted by bibliometry. Bibliometry is the science used in published information metric studies and studies the questions of scientific communication and the scientific production. Aim of the study: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the indexed Web of Science Portuguese scientific production in the health field. Methods: We analyzed the production from 1992 to the end of 2011. This analysis focused in several variables: general categories areas of Web of Science, indexed document types, source titles, publication years, group/corporate authors, languages, identification of the countries with scientific partnerships and identification of the funding agencies for scientific research. Results: We found 34.208 works. From this, the article is the most common channel for disseminating the research results (58.5%). The most recent decade has 75.4% of the total of records. Most of the production with international visibility becomes from universities and hospital research centers; institutes, pharmaceutical labs or foreign universities have residual values. Collaborating with other international researchers is very common, particularly with Europe (73.2%). In general, the Fundao para a Cincia e Tecnologia supports the scientific research (59.5%), followed by the European Commission (17.8%). The language commonly used for disseminating the research results in health is the English (97.8%). Conclusions: Using databases or scientific platforms for bibliometric studies is a hard and difficult process. The total of works analyzed was always the same but, with some variables, the numbers does not coincide: a) some of the registries were classified in several categories; b) some of the multidisciplinary works were from the same institution; c) the large number of international partnership. In this study, articles are the privileged way for disseminating the scientific results. A last thought: the use of other scientific platforms and databases should be encouraged for a more complete retrieval of the national research production in health.
Resumo:
Introduo: A produo e o uso da literatura cientfica so analisados, quantificados e interpretados pela bibliometria, cincia utilizada para estudos mtricos da informao publicada e que estuda as questes relacionadas com a comunicao cientfica e a atividade cientfica. Objetivo: O estudo apresentado uma anlise bibliomtrica da produo cientfica portuguesa da rea da sade indexada na Web of Science. Mtodos: Analisa-se a produo referente ao perodo entre 1992 e final de 2011. A anlise da produo cientfica centrou-se nas seguintes variveis: categorias de classificao da Web of Science, tipologia de documentos indexados, ttulos de revistas, distribuio por anos de publicao, afiliao institucional, idiomas, pases de origem dos autores com quem foram estabelecidas relaes de parceria cientfica e quem facultou os financiamentos investigao cientfica. Resultados: Foram contabilizados 34.208 trabalhos. Destes, o artigo a forma mais utilizada pelos autores portugueses para a divulgao dos resultados de investigao (58,5%). A dcada mais recente contemplada com 75,4% dos registos. A maioria da produo com visibilidade internacional oriunda de universidades e de centros de investigao hospitalar; institutos, laboratrios da indstria farmacutica e universidades estrangeiras tm valores residuais. A colaborao com outros investigadores internacionais destaca-se no caso da Europa (73,2%). O financiamento da investigao cientfica suportado basicamente pela Fundao para a Cincia e Tecnologia (59,5%), seguida da Comisso Europeia (17,8%). O ingls o idioma mais usado para a divulgao dos resultados de investigao nacional na rea da sade (97,8%). Concluses: O uso de bases de dados ou de plataformas cientficas para estudos bibliomtricos um processo moroso e difcil. O total de trabalhos em anlise foi sempre o mesmo mas, em algumas variveis, os valores no coincidem, quer porque alguns dos registos foram classificados em mais do que uma categoria temtica, quer pelos trabalhos multidisciplinares oriundos das mesmas instituies, quer pelos trabalhos de colaborao internacional. Tambm no presente estudo os artigos so o veculo privilegiado para a divulgao dos resultados cientficos. Apontamento final: deve encorajar-se a utilizao de outras plataformas cientficas e de outras bases de dados para uma mais completa recuperao da produo cientfica nacional na rea da sade. Introduction: The production and the use of the scientific literature are analyzed, quantified and interpreted by bibliometry. Bibliometry is the science used in published information metric studies and studies the questions of scientific communication and the scientific production. Aim of the study: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the indexed Web of Science Portuguese scientific production in the health field. Methods: We analyzed the production from 1992 to the end of 2011. This analysis focused in several variables: general categories areas of Web of Science, indexed document types, source titles, publication years, group/corporate authors, languages, identification of the countries with scientific partnerships and identification of the funding agencies for scientific research. Results: We found 34.208 works. From this, the article is the most common channel for disseminating the research results (58.5%). The most recent decade has 75.4% of the total of records. Most of the production with international visibility becomes from universities and hospital research centers; institutes, pharmaceutical labs or foreign universities have residual values. Collaborating with other international researchers is very common, particularly with Europe (73.2%). In general, the Fundao para a Cincia e Tecnologia supports the scientific research (59.5%), followed by the European Commission (17.8%). The language commonly used for disseminating the research results in health is the English (97.8%). Conclusions: Using databases or scientific platforms for bibliometric studies is a hard and difficult process. The total of works analyzed was always the same but, with some variables, the numbers does not coincide: a) some of the registries were classified in several categories; b) some of the multidisciplinary works were from the same institution; c) the large number of international partnership. In this study, articles are the privileged way for disseminating the scientific results. A last thought: the use of other scientific platforms and databases should be encouraged for a more complete retrieval of the national research production in health.
Resumo:
Introduo Na avaliao diagnstica em mamografia, o desempenho do radiologista pode estar sujeito a erros de diagnstico. Objetivo Descrever a importncia da perceo visual na anlise da mamografia, identificando os principais fatores que contribuem para a perceo visual do radiologista e que condicionam a acuidade diagnstica. Metodologia Estudo descritivo baseado numa reviso sistemtica de literatura atravs da PubMed e da Science Direct. Foram includos 42 artigos que respeitavam, pelo menos, um dos critrios de incluso no estudo. Para a seleo das referncias foi utilizada a metodologia PRISMA, constituda por 4 fases: identificao, seleo preliminar, elegibilidade e estudos includos. Resultados Na avaliao diagnstica em mamografia, a perceo visual est intimamente relacionada com: 1) diferentes parmetros visuais e da motilidade ocular (acuidade visual, sensibilidade ao contraste e luminncia e movimentos oculares); 2) com condies de visualizao de uma imagem (iluminncia da sala e luminncia do monitor); e 3) fadiga ocular provocada pela observao diria consecutiva de imagens. Concluses A perceo visual pode ser influenciada por 3 categorias de erros observados: erros de pesquisa (leses no so fixadas pela fvea), erros de reconhecimento (leses fixadas, mas no durante o tempo suficiente) e erros de deciso (leses fixadas, mas no identificadas como suspeitas). Os estudos analisados sobre perceo visual, ateno visual e estratgia visual, bem como os estudos sobre condies de visualizao no caracterizam a funo visual dos observadores. Para uma avaliao correta da perceo visual em mamografia devero ser efetuados estudos que correlacionem a funo visual com a qualidade diagnstica. ABSTRACT - Introduction Diagnostic evaluation in mammography could be influenced by the radiologist performance that could be under diagnostic errors. Aims To describe the importance of radiologist visual perception in mammographic diagnostic evaluation and to identify the main factors that contribute to diagnostic accuracy. Methods In this systematic review 42 references were included based on inclusion criteria (PubMed and Science Direct). PRISMA method was used to select the references following 4 steps: identification, screening, eligibility and included references. Results Visual perception in mammography diagnostic evaluation is related with: 1) visual parameters and ocular motility (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and luminance and ocular movements); 2) image visualization environment (room iluminance and monitor luminance); and 3) eyestrain caused by image daily consecutive observation. Conclusions Visual perception can be influenced by three errors categories: search errors (lesions are never looked at with high-resolution foveal vision), recognition errors (lesions are looked at, but not long enough to detect or recognize) and decision errors (lesions are looked at for long periods of time but are still missed). The reviewed studies concerning visual perception, visual attention, visual strategies and image visualization environment do not describe observers visual function. An accurate evaluation of visual perception in mammography must include visual function analysis.
Resumo:
Dissertao de Mestrado em Superviso em Educao, enquadrada na linha de investigao sobre Desenvolvimento Profissional dos Professores, apresentada Escola Superior de Educao de Lisboa
Resumo:
Dissertao apresentada Escola Superior de Educao de Lisboa para obteno de grau de mestre em Cincias da Educao - Especialidade em Superviso em Educao
Resumo:
Dissertao apresentada Escola Superior de Educao de Lisboa Para a obteno do Grau de Mestre em Cincias da Educao - Especialidade Superviso em Educao
Resumo:
Dissertao apresentada Escola Superior de Educao de Lisboa para obteno de grau de mestre em Educao Matemtica na Educao Pr-Escolar e nos 1 e 2 Ciclos do Ensino Bsico
Resumo:
The public sector is facing turbulent times and this also challenges the health professions who are expected to serve both the interests of the citizens and the cost-containment and austerity policies of governments. This article seeks to explore the changing role of the health professions. I introduce an approach on citizen professionals as active players in the policy process and mediators between the state/policymakers and the citizens/patients. The aim is to highlight a transformative potential of professionalism and the connectedness with other sets of governance, like management. Empirical material from a German case study and a comparative European study serve to illustrate the arguments, drawing on policy analysis and secondary sources. The results bring the complexity of transformations and new emergent forms of professionalism into view that cannot be understood in traditional categories of conflict, exclusion and jurisdiction. Exploring the potential of the health professions to creatively respond to new challenges may reveal new opportunities for innovating healthcare policy beyond market and management.
Resumo:
Mestrado em Radiaes Aplicadas s Tecnologias da Sade - rea de especializao: Proteo Contra as Radiaes.
Resumo:
The aim of this article is to present the results of an action research project, which has been put into practice in Primary Education. This project was intended to develop students textual competence, considering both comprehension and textual production. Our starting hypothesis was that teaching the schematisation of text types, focusing on linguistic devices that underlie text production, would promote the development of textual competence, leading to the production of more coherent and cohesive texts. In order to test this hypothesis we implemented the project in three phases. First, before the intervention, we collected texts produced by the students. Secondly, we implemented a didactic program designed to develop students textual competence. Lastly, after the intervention, we collected students texts once again. Data was analyzed according to categories that confer cohesion and coherence to different types of texts. Narrative, descriptive, and explanatory texts were assessed in terms of 1) building an autonomous text; 2) hierarchisation of information, and 3) textual organisation. Overall, results indicate that students developed their text conceptualisations, their understanding of the different structures of texts, and produced better writing. Indeed, their written work shows a marked progression from the beginning of the intervention program to the end of the program.
Resumo:
The aim of this work is to study the risk of obesity posed by two genetic factors: haptoglobin phenotype and acid phosphatase phenotype, one enzymatic activity: acid phosphatase activity (ACP1), age and gender. Haptoglobin (Hp) is a protein of the immune system, and three phenotypes of Hp are found in humans: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. This protein is associated with a susceptibility to common pathological conditions, such as obesity. ACP1 is an intracellular enzyme The phenotypes of ACP1 (AA, AB, AC, BB, BC, CC) are also considered. We took a sample of 127 subjects with complete data from 714 registers. Since we intend to identify risk factors for obesity, an ordinal regression model is adjusted, using the Body Mass Index, BMI, to define weight categories. Haptoglobin phenotype, enzymatic activity of ACP1, acid phosphatase phenotype, age and gender are considered as regressor variables. We found three factors associated with an increased risk of obesity: phenotype Hp2-1 of haptoglobin (estimated odds ratio OR 11.54), phenotype AA of acid phosphatase (OR 33.788) and age (OR 1.39). The interaction between phenotype Hp2-1 and phenotype AC is associated with a decreased risk of obesity (OR 0.032); The interaction between phenotype AA and ACP1 activity is associated with a decreased risk of obesity (OR 0.954).
Resumo:
Water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life. But only 3% of the Earth's water is fresh water, and less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the atmosphere. However, rivers and lakes are an important part of fresh surface water, amounting to about 89%. In this Master Thesis dissertation, the focus is on three types of water bodies rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and their water quality issues in Asian countries. The surface water quality in a region is largely determined both by the natural processes such as climate or geographic conditions, and the anthropogenic influences such as industrial and agricultural activities or land use conversion. The quality of the water can be affected by pollutants discharge from a specific point through a sewer pipe and also by extensive drainage from agriculture/urban areas and within basin. Hence, water pollutant sources can be divided into two categories: Point source pollution and Non-point source (NPS) pollution. Seasonal variations in precipitation and surface run-off have a strong effect on river discharge and the concentration of pollutants in water bodies. For example, in the rainy season, heavy and persistent rain wash off the ground, the runoff flow increases and may contain various kinds of pollutants and, eventually, enters the water bodies. In some cases, especially in confined water bodies, the quality may be positive related with rainfall in the wet season, because this confined type of fresh water systems allows high dilution of pollutants, decreasing their possible impacts. During the dry season, the quality of water is largely related to industrialization and urbanization pollution. The aim of this study is to identify the most common water quality problems in Asian countries and to enumerate and analyze the methodologies used for assessment of water quality conditions of both rivers and confined water bodies (lakes and reservoirs). Based on the evaluation of a sample of 57 papers, dated between 2000 and 2012, it was found that over the past decade, the water quality of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in developing countries is being degraded. Water pollution and destruction of aquatic ecosystems have caused massive damage to the functions and integrity of water resources. The most widespread NPS in Asian countries and those which have the greatest spatial impacts are urban runoff and agriculture. Locally, mine waste runoff and rice paddy are serious NPS problems. The most relevant point pollution sources are the effluents from factories, sewage treatment plant, and public or household facilities. It was found that the most used methodology was unquestionably the monitoring activity, used in 49 of analyzed studies, accounting for 86%. Sometimes, data from historical databases were used as well. It can be seen that taking samples from the water body and then carry on laboratory work (chemical analyses) is important because it can give an understanding of the water quality. 6 papers (11%) used a method that combined monitoring data and modeling. 6 papers (11%) just applied a model to estimate the quality of water. Modeling is a useful resource when there is limited budget since some models are of free download and use. In particular, several of used models come from the U.S.A, but they have their own purposes and features, meaning that a careful application of the models to other countries and a critical discussion of the results are crucial. 5 papers (9%) focus on a method combining monitoring data and statistical analysis. When there is a huge data matrix, the researchers need an efficient way of interpretation of the information which is provided by statistics. 3 papers (5%) used a method combining monitoring data, statistical analysis and modeling. These different methods are all valuable to evaluate the water quality. It was also found that the evaluation of water quality was made as well by using other types of sampling different than water itself, and they also provide useful information to understand the condition of the water body. These additional monitoring activities are: Air sampling, sediment sampling, phytoplankton sampling and aquatic animal tissues sampling. Despite considerable progress in developing and applying control regulations to point and NPS pollution, the pollution status of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in Asian countries is not improving. In fact, this reflects the slow pace of investment in new infrastructure for pollution control and growing population pressures. Water laws or regulations and public involvement in enforcement can play a constructive and indispensable role in environmental protection. In the near future, in order to protect water from further contamination, rapid action is highly needed to control the various kinds of effluents in one region. Environmental remediation and treatment of industrial effluent and municipal wastewaters is essential. It is also important to prevent the direct input of agricultural and mine site runoff. Finally, stricter environmental regulation for water quality is required to support protection and management strategies. It would have been possible to get further information based in the 57 sample of papers. For instance, it would have been interesting to compare the level of concentrations of some pollutants in the diferente Asian countries. However the limit of three months duration for this study prevented further work to take place. In spite of this, the study objectives were achieved: the work provided an overview of the most relevant water quality problems in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Asian countries, and also listed and analyzed the most common methodologies.
