As Relações Públicas e a gestão de artistas numa editora musical

Trabalho de projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Gestão Estratégica das Relações Públicas.

Environmental mycology in public health: fungi and mycotoxins risk assessment and management

Fungi are essential to the survival of our global ecology, but they might pose a significant threat to the health of occupants when they grow in our buildings. The exposure to fungi in homes is a significant risk factor for a number of respiratory symptoms. Well-known illnesses caused by fungi include allergy and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Environmental monitoring for fungi and their disease agents are important aspects of exposure assessment, but few guidelines exist for interpreting their health impacts. This book answers the questions: How does one detect and measure the presence of indoor fungi? What is an acceptable level of indoor fungi? How do we relate this information to human health problems?

Perceptually driven video error protection using a distributed source coding approach

In video communication systems, the video signals are typically compressed and sent to the decoder through an error-prone transmission channel that may corrupt the compressed signal, causing the degradation of the final decoded video quality. In this context, it is possible to enhance the error resilience of typical predictive video coding schemes using as inspiration principles and tools from an alternative video coding approach, the so-called Distributed Video Coding (DVC), based on the Distributed Source Coding (DSC) theory. Further improvements in the decoded video quality after error-prone transmission may also be obtained by considering the perceptual relevance of the video content, as distortions occurring in different regions of a picture have a different impact on the user's final experience. In this context, this paper proposes a Perceptually Driven Error Protection (PDEP) video coding solution that enhances the error resilience of a state-of-the-art H.264/AVC predictive video codec using DSC principles and perceptual considerations. To increase the H.264/AVC error resilience performance, the main technical novelties brought by the proposed video coding solution are: (i) design of an improved compressed domain perceptual classification mechanism; (ii) design of an improved transcoding tool for the DSC-based protection mechanism; and (iii) integration of a perceptual classification mechanism in an H.264/AVC compliant codec with a DSC-based error protection mechanism. The performance results obtained show that the proposed PDEP video codec provides a better performing alternative to traditional error protection video coding schemes, notably Forward Error Correction (FEC)-based schemes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mineralização óssea em recém-nascidos pré-termo com diferente suprimento parentérico de cálcio e fósforo: resultados preliminares

Introdução: Os recém-nascidos pré-termo estão em risco acrescido de desenvolver osteopénia, pela dificuldade no suprimento parentérico de aporte mineral suficiente. Existe uma grande amplitude de doses de cálcio e fósforo recomendadas para estes recém-nascidos por via parentérica, havendo também um elevado risco de precipitação mineral nestas soluções. A ultrassonografia quantitativa é um método recentemente utilizado para avaliação da mineralização óssea em recém-nascidos pré-termo. Objectivo: Medir a mineralização óssea a recém-nascidos pré-termo submetidos a nutrição parentérica com duas doses diferentes doses de cálcio e fósforo. Métodos: Foram incluídos recém-nascidos pré-termo (IGd<33semanas) consecutivos, com necessidade de aporte nutricional parentérico, que foram aleatorizados para receber um aporte parentérico diário de cálcio de 40-50mg.kg-1 (1,00-1,25 mmol.kg-1) (grupo Convencional) ou 70-80mg.kg-1 (1,75-2,00mmol.dl-1) (grupo Alta). Foi mantida a razão mássica Ca:P de 1,7:1 nos dois grupos. Foram efectuadas medições semanais por ultrassonografia quantitativa no ponto médio da tíbia, até serem atingidas as 40 semanas de idade de gestação corrigida. Estabeleceu-se um outro grupo (Controlo) referente apenas à mineralização óssea na primeira semana de vida de recém-nascidos (IGd<40 semanas), para reflectir a mineralização intrauterina. Resultados: Foram incluídos 19 recém-nascidos (grupo Convencional=7, grupo Alta=12), com (média±DP) IG 30,4±1.9 semanas e peso à nascença 1360±400g. Os recém-nascidos inclídos no grupo convencional apresentaram uma mineralização óssea significativamente inferior à dos controlos, o que não ocorreu quando comparados os grupos alta e controlo (para as 32 semanas de idade de gestação corrigida). Os recém-nascidos do grupo Convencional apresentaram ainda mineralização óssea significativamente mais baixa na terceira semana pós-natal, comparativamente com o grupo Alta (p=0,030). Conclusões: A manter-se a tendência, talvez haja um efeito benéfico de uma dose parentérica mais elevada de cálcio e fósforo na mineralização óssea de RNs pré-termo sem o risco de nefrocalcinose. A mineralização óssea intrauterina parece ser superior à do recém-nascido submetido a nutrição parentérica sem manipulação do seu aporte mineral; no entanto, a utilização de soluções parentéricas enriquecidas em minerais ósseos parece provocar uma mineralização óssea semelhante à adquirida no útero.

Towards the rational biosynthesis of substituted phenazines and phenoxazinones by laccases

Laccases are multi-copper oxidases that oxidise a wide range of substrates including phenol and aniline derivatives, which could be further involved in coupling reactions leading to the formation of dimeric and trimeric structures. This paper describes the enzyme-mediated dimerisation of several ortho and meta, para-disubstituted aromatic amines into phenazine ("head-to-tail" dimers) and phenoxazinone chromophores. The redox properties of substituted aromatic amines were studied by cyclic voltammetry and the kinetic constants of CotA and Trametes versicolor laccases were measured for selected aromatic amines. The structure of novel enzymatically synthesised phenazine and phenoxazinone dyes using CotA laccase was assessed by NMR and MS. Overall our data show that this enzymatic green process is an efficient alternative to the classic chemical oxidation of aromatic amines and phenols, with an impact on the broad field of applications of these heterocyclic compounds.

Living bacteria rheology: Population growth, aggregation patterns, and collective behaviour under diferente shear flows

The activity of growing living bacteria was investigated using real-time and in situ rheology-in stationary and oscillatory shear. Two different strains of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus-strain COL and its isogenic cell wall autolysis mutant, RUSAL9-were considered in this work. For low bacteria density, strain COL forms small clusters, while the mutant, presenting deficient cell separation, forms irregular larger aggregates. In the early stages of growth, when subjected to a stationary shear, the viscosity of the cultures of both strains increases with the population of cells. As the bacteria reach the exponential phase of growth, the viscosity of the cultures of the two strains follows different and rich behaviors, with no counterpart in the optical density or in the population's colony-forming units measurements. While the viscosity of strain COL culture keeps increasing during the exponential phase and returns close to its initial value for the late phase of growth, where the population stabilizes, the viscosity of the mutant strain culture decreases steeply, still in the exponential phase, remains constant for some time, and increases again, reaching a constant plateau at a maximum value for the late phase of growth. These complex viscoelastic behaviors, which were observed to be shear-stress-dependent, are a consequence of two coupled effects: the cell density continuous increase and its changing interacting properties. The viscous and elastic moduli of strain COL culture, obtained with oscillatory shear, exhibit power-law behaviors whose exponents are dependent on the bacteria growth stage. The viscous and elastic moduli of the mutant culture have complex behaviors, emerging from the different relaxation times that are associated with the large molecules of the medium and the self-organized structures of bacteria. Nevertheless, these behaviors reflect the bacteria growth stage.

Optimisation of exposure parameters for spinal curvature measurements in paediatric radiography

This review aims to identify strategies to optimise radiography practice using digital technologies, for full spine studies on paediatrics focusing particularly on methods used to diagnose and measure severity of spinal curvatures. The literature search was performed on different databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect) and relevant websites (e.g., American College of Radiology and International Commission on Radiological Protection) to identify guidelines and recent studies focused on dose optimisation in paediatrics using digital technologies. Plain radiography was identified as the most accurate method. The American College of Radiology (ACR) and European Commission (EC) provided two guidelines that were identified as the most relevant to the subject. The ACR guidelines were updated in 2014; however these guidelines do not provide detailed guidance on technical exposure parameters. The EC guidelines are more complete but are dedicated to screen film systems. Other studies provided reviews on the several exposure parameters that should be included for optimisation, such as tube current, tube voltage and source-to-image distance; however, only explored few of these parameters and not all of them together. One publication explored all parameters together but this was for adults only. Due to lack of literature on exposure parameters for paediatrics, more research is required to guide and harmonise practice.

Optimisation of paediatrics computed radiography for full spine curvature measurements using a phantom: a pilot study

Aim: Optimise a set of exposure factors, with the lowest effective dose, to delineate spinal curvature with the modified Cobb method in a full spine using computed radiography (CR) for a 5-year-old paediatric anthropomorphic phantom. Methods: Images were acquired by varying a set of parameters: positions (antero-posterior (AP), posteroanterior (PA) and lateral), kilo-voltage peak (kVp) (66-90), source-to-image distance (SID) (150 to 200cm), broad focus and the use of a grid (grid in/out) to analyse the impact on E and image quality (IQ). IQ was analysed applying two approaches: objective [contrast-to-noise-ratio/(CNR] and perceptual, using 5 observers. Monte-Carlo modelling was used for dose estimation. Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was used to calculate inter-observer-variability. The angle was measured using Cobb’s method on lateral projections under different imaging conditions. Results: PA promoted the lowest effective dose (0.013 mSv) compared to AP (0.048 mSv) and lateral (0.025 mSv). The exposure parameters that allowed lower dose were 200cm SID, 90 kVp, broad focus and grid out for paediatrics using an Agfa CR system. Thirty-seven images were assessed for IQ and thirty-two were classified adequate. Cobb angle measurements varied between 16°±2.9 and 19.9°±0.9. Conclusion: Cobb angle measurements can be performed using the lowest dose with a low contrast-tonoise ratio. The variation on measurements for this was ±2.9° and this is within the range of acceptable clinical error without impact on clinical diagnosis. Further work is recommended on improvement to the sample size and a more robust perceptual IQ assessment protocol for observers.

Electrorheology study of a series of LC cyanobiphenyls: Experimental and theoretical treatment

In this work we study the electro-rheological behaviour of a series of four liquid crystal (LC) cyanobiphenyls with a number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group, ranging from five to eight (5CB–8CB). We present the flow curves for different temperatures and under the influence of an external electric field, ranging from 0 to 3 kV/mm, and the viscosity as a function of the temperature, for the same values of electric field, obtained for different shear rates. Theoretical interpretation of the observed behaviours is proposed in the framework of the continuum theory of Leslie–Ericksen for low molecular weight nematic LCs. In our analysis, the director alignment angle is only a function of the ratio between the shear rate and the square of the electric field – boundary conditions are neglected. By fitting the theoretical model to the experimental data, we are able to determine some viscosity coefficients and the dielectric anisotropy as a function of temperature. To interpret the behaviour of the flow curves near the nematic–isotropic transitions, we apply the continuum theory of Olmsted–Goldbart, which extends the theory of Leslie–Ericksen to the case where the degree of alignment of the LC molecules can also vary.

A importância dos diferentes membros da equipa educativa na inclusão de uma criança com necessidades educativas especiais

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

O contributo da expressão plástica para o desenvolvimentodas múltiplas linguagens da criança

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

Ser menina é gostar de cor-de-rosa: desocultar questões de género no jardim de infância

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar

São diferentes porque a menina tem saia e o menino tem calças: as questões de género no jardim de infância

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

“Amizade é…felicidade (Freng, 5 anos)”. As relações sociais entre crianças no quotidiano do Jardim de Infância

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

A expressão dramática como meio facilitador da socialização de crianças com necessidades educativas especiais

Projeto de Intervenção apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Especial