Happiness, hope, and affection as predictors of quality of life and functionality of individuals with heart failure at three-month follow-up

The scientific evidence supporting the management of the chronically ill in a positive psychological perspective in opposition to traditional pathological approach is scarce. This study examines issues associated with recovery of health status in heart failure, in particular hope, affection, and happiness. We use a longitudinal study of 128 symptomatic patients who after medical intervention reported improved quality of life and function at 3-month follow-up. We evaluated the contribution of happiness, hope and affection, individually and as a whole, in the quality of life and functionality of individuals with heart failure. Happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale), Hope (HOPE Scale), and affection (PANAS (positive and negative affect schedule)) were determined before medical intervention. Individually, we found that happiness is correlated with the quality of life and functionality, hope to self-efficacy dimension of the quality of life scale, positive affect to functionality and negative affect with symptoms dimension, quality of life dimension, and overall sum of the quality of life scale. Overall, we found that happiness has a unique contribution to the quality of life, except in self-efficacy dimension where hope takes this contribution and positive affect has a unique contribution to the functionality in this short-term follow-up. The results highlight the importance of positive variables to health outcomes for people with heart failure and should be considered in intervention programs for this syndrome.

Factores psicossociais preditivos de ajustamento à vida de pessoas com doenças crónicas

Doenças crónicas são de longa duração, de progressão lenta e induzem alterações na vida das pessoas, que são confrontadas com um conjunto de fatores que exercem um impacto negativo na sua qualidade de vida (QdV). A QdV é um conceito envolvendo componentes essenciais da qualidade humana: físicas, psicológicas, sociais, culturais e espirituais. Após o diagnóstico e com a doença estabilizada, os doentes procuram novas formas de lidar com esta. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar fatores psicossociais preditivos (otimismo, afeto positivo e negativo, adesão aos tratamentos, suporte social e espiritualidade) da QdV (bem-estar geral, saúde física, saúde mental) e bem-estar subjetivo (BES) em pessoas com doenças crónicas. Amostra constituída por 774 indivíduos [30% diabetes, 27,1% cancro, 17,2% diabetes, 12% epilepsia, 11,5% esclerose múltipla e 2,2% miastenia, 70,5% do sexo feminino, idade M(DP)=42,9(11,6), educação M(DP)=9,6(4,7), anos diagnóstico M(DP)=12,8(9,7), classificação da doença M(DP)=6,6 (2,8)], recrutados nos hospitais centrais portugueses. Aplicando Modelos de Equações Estruturais e ajustando para variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, verificou-se que, pessoas mais otimistas, mais ativas e com uma melhor adesão aos tratamentos apresentam um melhor bem-estar geral, uma melhor saúde mental e um melhor bem-estar subjetivo; uma melhor adesão aos tratamentos contribui para uma melhor saúde física; melhor suporte social reflete-se numa melhor saúde mental; pessoas com mais espiritualidade apresentam uma melhor saúde física e uma melhor saúde mental. Estas conclusões contribuem para a definição de uma terapia que pode ajudar a uma melhor adaptação dos protocolos de tratamento para atender às necessidades dos doentes.

Direitos de participação das crianças: estudo de caso num jardim de Infância em contexto do movimento da escola moderna

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para a obtenção de grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação, Especialização em Intervenção Precoce

Impacto do estigma e do bem-estar subjectivo em pessoas com doença crónica

O estudo teve como objectivo comparar o impacto do estigma e do bem-estar subjectivo em pessoas com diferentes doenças crónicas. Foram avaliados 729 doentes, recrutados em hospitais de Portugal, que após o diagnóstico retomaram a sua vida normal. Controlando para um conjunto de variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas, a aplicação de Modelos de Análise de Covariância Multivariada, permitiu verificar diferenças significativas apenas para a percepção do estigma entre os grupos de doenças crónicas. Pessoas com obesidade, epilepsia e esclerose múltipla referem mais estigma e pessoas com diabetes tipo1 e miastenia gravis referem menos estigma.

Pessoas com epilepsia e os outros: relações pacíficas?

A Escala de Estigma e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida foram administradas a 92 indivíduos com epilepsia, para analisar o bem-estar subjectivo (BES), o estigma e seus correlatos. Os scores de BES oscilaram entre 32,5 e 100 (M=66,11, DP=16,06), os de estigma entre 5 e 35 (M=26,93, DP=8,20). O estigma correlacionou-se com: BES e percepção de doença, não variando em função do meio habitacional. O estigma percebido, indicador de relações pouco pacíficas, pode reduzir o BES e ter um impacto negativo na percepção de doença.

Optimism on quality of life in Portuguese chronic patients: moderator/mediator?

Objetivo: o otimismo tem sido demonstrado como uma variável importante no ajustamento da qualidade de vida de pessoas com doenças crônicas. O estudo tem como objetivo verificar se o otimismo exerce um efeito moderador ou mediador entre os traços de personalidade e a qualidade de vida, em portugueses com doenças crônicas. Métodos: os modelos de regressão linear múltipla foram usados para avaliar o efeito de moderação e mediação do otimismo na qualidade de vida. A amostra, constituída por 729 doentes, recrutados nos principais hospitais de Portugal responderam a questionários de autorresposta avaliando questões sócio-demográficas e clínicas, personalidade, otimismo disposicional, qualidade de vida e bem-estar subjetivo. Resultados: os resultados encontrados mostraram que o otimismo disposicional não exerce um papel moderador entre os traços de personalidade e a qualidade de vida. Controlando por idade, sexo, nível de escolaridade e percepção da severidade da doença, o efeito dos traços de personalidade na qualidade de vida e no bem-estar subjetivo foi mediado pelo otimismo (parcial e total), expecto para as associações, neuroticismo/abertura à experiência e à saúde física. Conclusão: o otimismo disposicional exerce apenas um papel mediador entre os traços de personalidade e qualidade de vida, em pessoas com doenças crônicas, sugerindo que 'a expectativa de que coisas boas vão acontecer' contribui para uma melhor qualidade de vida e melhor bem-estar subjetivo.

Alice's anima or the obligation of a reading transliteracy

This paper suggests an analysis of "Inanimate Alice" by Kate Pullinger, Chris Joseph and Ian Harper as an example of a transmedia narrative that triggers a new reading experience whilst proposing a literary alterity between reading and performance. Narrative experiences that elect the visual plasticity, interchanging games and tactility as drivers of the creative process are not new. Yet, narrative experiences, which have been created in the gap between reality and fiction, have found on the digital realm the perfect environment to multiple hybrid experiences. Bearing in mind Walter Benjamin’s concept of Erlebnis and Erfahrung, a critical analysis of this digital fiction tries to illustrate how literary art finds its space and time in a metamorphosed continuum only activated by the “patient reader”. All the multimedia hybrids, which this digital literary work may have, challenge readers to interpret different signals and poetic structures that most of readers might not be accustomed to; however even among a cognitive dissonance, meaning is found and reading happens only if time, space and attention are available. All possible transmedia literacies can only respond to this experience of online reading, if they are able to focus and draw attention not to a simple new behaviour or a single new practice, but to a demanding state of affairs that assemble different objective and subjective value forms.

O impacto da avaliação do desempenho docente na função docente e no desenvolvimento organizacional da escola

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação - Especialidade Supervisão em Educação

Liderança em agrupamentos de territórios de intervenção prioritária: imperativos, contingências e lógicas de acção

Centrado na acção de liderança, este estudo propôs-se identificar as contingências e imperativos inerentes ao processo de implementação do programa TEIP num agrupamento de escolas. Especificamente, pretendeu-se captar a heterogeneidade das lógicas de mudança e identificar modos de apropriação subjectiva da liderança pedagógica e organizacional. Os resultados reforçam a ideia de que implementar um programa novo é construção de complexidade holística, implicando a conjunção integrada de múltiplas estratégias de liderança. Discutem-se os resultados à luz das teorizações iniciais, com relevo para as lógicas de prestação de contas e alguns sinais de „balcanização‟ organizacional.

Controlo fotogramétrico da condição de estruturas quebra-mar

Dissertação de natureza Científica para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Effect of technical parameters on dose and image quality in a computed radiography system

The discovery of X-rays was undoubtedly one of the greatest stimulus for improving the efficiency in the provision of healthcare services. The ability to view, non-invasively, inside the human body has greatly facilitated the work of professionals in diagnosis of diseases. The exclusive focus on image quality (IQ), without understanding how they are obtained, affect negatively the efficiency in diagnostic radiology. The equilibrium between the benefits and the risks are often forgotten. It is necessary to adopt optimization strategies to maximize the benefits (image quality) and minimize risk (dose to the patient) in radiological facilities. In radiology, the implementation of optimization strategies involves an understanding of images acquisition process. When a radiographer adopts a certain value of a parameter (tube potential [kVp], tube current-exposure time product [mAs] or additional filtration), it is essential to know its meaning and impact of their variation in dose and image quality. Without this, any optimization strategy will be a failure. Worldwide, data show that use of x-rays has been increasingly frequent. In Cabo Verde, we note an effort by healthcare institutions (e.g. Ministry of Health) in equipping radiological facilities and the recent installation of a telemedicine system requires purchase of new radiological equipment. In addition, the transition from screen-films to digital systems is characterized by a raise in patient exposure. Given that this transition is slower in less developed countries, as is the case of Cabo Verde, the need to adopt optimization strategies becomes increasingly necessary. This study was conducted as an attempt to answer that need. Although this work is about objective evaluation of image quality, and in medical practice the evaluation is usually subjective (visual evaluation of images by radiographer / radiologist), studies reported a correlation between these two types of evaluation (objective and subjective) [5-7] which accredits for conducting such studies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of exposure parameters (kVp and mAs) when using additional Cooper (Cu) filtration in dose and image quality in a Computed Radiography system.

Failure on clinical image quality criteria in digital mammography: how can radiographers do better?

Purpose: To assess image quality using PGMI (perfect, good, moderate, inadequate) scale in digital mammography examinations acquired in DR systems. Identify the main failures and propose corrective actions. Evaluate the most typical breast density. Methods and Materials: Clinical image quality criteria were evaluated considering mammograms acquired in 13 DR systems and classified according to PGMI scale using the criteria described in European Commission guidelines for radiographers. The breast density was assessed according to ACR recommendations. The data were collected on the acquisition system monitor to reproduce the daily practice of the radiographer. Results: The image quality criteria were evaluated in 3044 images. The criteria were fully achieved in 41% of the images that were classified as P (perfect), 31 % of the images were classified as M (moderate), 20% G (good) and 9% I (inadequate). The main cause of inadequate image quality was absence of all breast tissue in the image, skin folders in the pectoral muscle and in the infra-mammary angle. The higher number of failures occurred in MLO projections (809 out of 1022). The most represented (36%) breast type was type 2 (25-50% glandular tissue). Conclusion: Incorrect radiographic technique was frequently detected suggesting potential training needs and poor communication between the team members (radiographer and radiologists). Further correlations are necessary to identify the main causes for the failures, namely specific education and training in digital mammography and workload.

Occupational stress and coping resources in physiotherapists: a survey of physiotherapists in three general hospitals

Objectives - To identify occupational stressors and coping resources in a group of physiotherapists, and to analyse interactions between subjective levels of stress, efficacy in stress resolution and coping resources used by these professionals. Design - A sample of 55 physiotherapists working in three general hospitals in Portugal completed the Coping Resources Inventory for Stress, the Occupational Stressors Inventory and two subjective scales for stress and stress resolution. Main results - Most physiotherapists perceived that they were moderately stressed (19/55, 35%) or stressed (20/55, 36%) due to work, and reported that their efficacy in stress resolution was moderate (25/54, 46%) or efficient (23/54, 42%). Issues related to lack of professional autonomy, lack of organisation in the hierarchical command chain, lack of professional and social recognition, disorganisation in task distribution and interpersonal conflicts with superiors were identified as the main sources of stress. The most frequently used coping resources were social support, stress monitoring, physical health and structuring. Perceived efficacy in stress resolution was inversely related to perceived level of occupational stress (r = −0.61, P < 0.01). Significant correlations were found between several coping resources and the perceived level of stress and efficacy in stress resolution. Associations between problem solving, cognitive restructuring and stress monitoring and both low levels of perceived stress and high levels of perceived efficacy were particularly strong. Implications for practice - The importance of identifying stressors and coping resources related to physiotherapists’ occupational stress, and the need for the development of specific training programmes to cope with stress are supported.

A cultura, os valores contabilísticos e o julgamento profissional dos preparadores e dos revisores/auditores portugueses

Mestrado em Auditoria

Implementation of a new reference values database for semiquantification in123I-FP-CIT brain single emission tomography

Brain dopamine transporters imaging by Single Emission Tomography (SPECT) with 123I-FP-CIT (DaTScanTM) has become an important tool in the diagnosis and evaluation of Parkinson syndromes.This diagnostic method allows the visualization of a portion of the striatum – where healthy pattern resemble two symmetric commas - allowing the evaluation of dopamine presynaptic system, in which dopamine transporters are responsible for dopamine release into the synaptic cleft, and their reabsorption into the nigrostriatal nerve terminals, in order to be stored or degraded. In daily practice for assessment of DaTScan TM, it is common to rely only on visual assessment for diagnosis. However, this process is complex and subjective as it depends on the observer’s experience and it is associated with high variability intra and inter observer. Studies have shown that semiquantification can improve the diagnosis of Parkinson syndromes. For semiquantification, analysis methods of image segmentation using regions of interest (ROI) are necessary. ROIs are drawn, in specific - striatum - and in nonspecific – background – uptake areas. Subsequently, specific binding ratios are calculated. Low adherence of semiquantification for diagnosis of Parkinson syndromes is related, not only with the associated time spent, but also with the need of an adapted database of reference values for the population concerned, as well as, the examination of each service protocol. Studies have concluded, that this process increases the reproducibility of semiquantification. The aim of this investigation was to create and validate a database of healthy controls for Dopamine transporters with DaTScanTM named DBRV. The created database has been adapted to the Nuclear Medicine Department’s protocol, and the population of Infanta Cristina’s Hospital located in Badajoz, Spain.