Tilted boxes on inclined planes

We propose the study of a box placed on an inclined plane, with an initial tilt with respect to the plane. This is a paradigmatic example of the role played by friction as a link between translational and rotational motion. This example has two advantages over the usual example of a sphere (or cylinder) rolling down an inclined plane. First, it provides a good model for a much greater variety of "real-life" situations. Second, it exhibits a much richer structure in parameter space, even when the box starts from rest. (C) 2000 American Association of Physics Teachers.

A Flexible Architecture for the Computation of Direct and Inverse Transforms in H.264/AVC Video Codecs

A new high throughput and scalable architecture for unified transform coding in H.264/AVC is proposed in this paper. Such flexible structure is capable of computing all the 4x4 and 2x2 transforms for Ultra High Definition Video (UHDV) applications (4320x7680@ 30fps) in real-time and with low hardware cost. These significantly high performance levels were proven with the implementation of several different configurations of the proposed structure using both FPGA and ASIC 90 nm technologies. In addition, such experimental evaluation also demonstrated the high area efficiency of theproposed architecture, which in terms of Data Throughput per Unit of Area (DTUA) is at least 1.5 times more efficient than its more prominent related designs(1).

Symbolic Knowledge Extraction from Trained Neural Networks Governed by Lukasiewicz Logics

This work describes a methodology to extract symbolic rules from trained neural networks. In our approach, patterns on the network are codified using formulas on a Lukasiewicz logic. For this we take advantage of the fact that every connective in this multi-valued logic can be evaluated by a neuron in an artificial network having, by activation function the identity truncated to zero and one. This fact simplifies symbolic rule extraction and allows the easy injection of formulas into a network architecture. We trained this type of neural network using a back-propagation algorithm based on Levenderg-Marquardt algorithm, where in each learning iteration, we restricted the knowledge dissemination in the network structure. This makes the descriptive power of produced neural networks similar to the descriptive power of Lukasiewicz logic language, minimizing the information loss on the translation between connectionist and symbolic structures. To avoid redundance on the generated network, the method simplifies them in a pruning phase, using the "Optimal Brain Surgeon" algorithm. We tested this method on the task of finding the formula used on the generation of a given truth table. For real data tests, we selected the Mushrooms data set, available on the UCI Machine Learning Repository.

O trabalho de projeto no desenvolvimento da cidadania

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Matemática na Educação Pré-Escolar e nos 1º e 2º Ciclos do Ensino Básico

Articulação do tratamento das águas lixiviantes de infraestruturas de resíduos com ETAR urbanas: caso de estudo

A deposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) em aterros sanitários (AS) tem uma dimensão que necessita de uma atenção especial por parte da sociedade. Deste acto podem resultar situações gravosas para o meio ambiente se não forem tomadas as medidas correctas. Um dos pontos que necessita de uma particular atenção é o tratamento das águas lixiviantes dos aterros sanitários, uma vez que estas apresentam geralmente cargas altamente poluentes. O presente trabalho apresenta a estrutura de um aterro sanitário, definindo os seus princípios de funcionamento, bem como as principais características a ter em consideração para a sua concepção e construção. É ainda abordada a composição dos resíduos sólidos produzidos em Portugal de acordo com (1) e as características quantitativas e qualitativas do lixiviado produzido por um AS. São apresentados os sistemas tratamento convencionais, biológicos e físico-químicos, mais utilizados em Portugal para o tratamento de águas lixiviantes, relacionando as problemáticas e as limitações associadas a cada um deles. É ainda apresentado o tratamento combinado de águas lixiviantes com águas residuais e a recirculação de lixiviado no sistema de tratamento, assim como algumas das vantagens associadas a estas práticas. Tendo por base, uma situação real, avalia-se um caso de estudo, que visa a avaliação do funcionamento da estação de pré-tratamento das águas lixiviantes produzidas no aterro sanitário do ecoparque de Palmela, tendo em consideração o facto de este tratamento ser realizado em combinação com o tratamento de águas residuais urbanas. A avaliação do funcionamento da estação de pré-tratamento de águas lixiviantes (EPTAL) é realizada de acordo com os dados fornecidos nos relatórios elaborados pela empresa LUSÁGUA, que apresentam os valores das cargas poluentes medidos à entrada e saída da EPTAL, verificando com estes dados se os valores limite de emissão medidos à saída da EPTAL são respeitados. São ainda propostas algumas alterações baseadas em pareceres técnicos que acompanham os relatórios elaborados pela LUSÁGUA e um estudo elaborada pela ECOserviços em Fevereiro de 2010 onde se obtêm eficiências de etapas de tratamentos com base em testes laboratoriais e testes realizados na própria EPTAL.

Synthesis, structure and electrochemical behaviour of Na, Mg-II, Mn-II, Cd-II and Ni-II complexes of 3-(2-carboxyphenylhydrazone)pentane-2,4-dione

Mononuclear manganese(II) [Mn(kappa O-HL)(2)(CH3OH)(4)] (4), nickel(II) [Ni(kappa O-2, kappa N-L)(H2O)(3)] (5), cadmium(II) [Cd(kappa O-2-HL)(2)(CH3OH)(3)] (7), tetranuclear zinc(II) [Zn-4(mu-OH)(2)(1 kappa O:2 kappa O-HL)(4)(kappa O-HL)(2)(H2O)(4)] (6) and polynuclear aqua sodium(I) [Na(H2O)(2)(mu-H2O)(2)](n)(HL)(n) (2) and magnesium(II) [Mg(OH)(H2O)(mu-H2O)(2)](n)(-HL)(n) (3) complexes were synthesized using 3-(2-carboxyphenyl-hydrazone)pentane-2,4-dione (H2L, 1) as a ligand precursor. The complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR (for 2, 3, 6 and 7) spectroscopies. Mono- or dianionic deprotonated derivatives of H2L display different coordination modes and lead to topologies and nuclearities of the complexes depending on metal ions and conditions used for the syntheses. Extensive intermolecular H-bonds form supramolecular arrangements in 1D chains (4 and 6), 1D chains of the organic anion and 2D networks of the metal-aqua aggregates (2 and 3), 2D networks (7) or even 3D frameworks (5). Electrochemical studies, by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis, show ligand centred redox processes as corroborated by theoretical DFT calculations in terms of LUMO and HOMO compositions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Real-time rheology of actively growing bacteria

The population growth of a Staphylococcus aureus culture, an active colloidal system of spherical cells, was followed by rheological measurements, under steady-state and oscillatory shear flows. We observed a rich viscoelastic behavior as a consequence of the bacteria activity, namely, of their multiplication and density-dependent aggregation properties. In the early stages of growth (lag and exponential phases), the viscosity increases by about a factor of 20, presenting several drops and full recoveries. This allows us to evoke the existence of a percolation phenomenon. Remarkably, as the bacteria reach their late phase of development, in which the population stabilizes, the viscosity returns close to its initial value. Most probably, this is caused by a change in the bacteria physiological activity and in particular, by the decrease of their adhesion properties. The viscous and elastic moduli exhibit power-law behaviors compatible with the "soft glassy materials" model, whose exponents are dependent on the bacteria growth stage. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.030701.

Scalable Unified Transform Architecture for Advanced Video Coding Embedded Systems

A novel high throughput and scalable unified architecture for the computation of the transform operations in video codecs for advanced standards is presented in this paper. This structure can be used as a hardware accelerator in modern embedded systems to efficiently compute all the two-dimensional 4 x 4 and 2 x 2 transforms of the H.264/AVC standard. Moreover, its highly flexible design and hardware efficiency allows it to be easily scaled in terms of performance and hardware cost to meet the specific requirements of any given video coding application. Experimental results obtained using a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA demonstrated the superior performance and hardware efficiency levels provided by the proposed structure, which presents a throughput per unit of area relatively higher than other similar recently published designs targeting the H.264/AVC standard. Such results also showed that, when integrated in a multi-core embedded system, this architecture provides speedup factors of about 120x concerning pure software implementations of the transform algorithms, therefore allowing the computation, in real-time, of all the above mentioned transforms for Ultra High Definition Video (UHDV) sequences (4,320 x 7,680 @ 30 fps).

Seismic imaging of the western Iberian crust using ambient noise: Boundaries and internal structure of the Iberian Massif

We present new Rayleigh-wave dispersion maps of the western Iberian Peninsula for periods between 8 and 30 s, obtained from correlations of seismic ambient noise, following the recent increase in seismic broadband network density in Portugal and Spain. Group velocities have been computed for each station pair using the empirical Green's functions generated by cross-correlating one-day-length seismic ambient-noise records. The resulting high-path density allows us to obtain lateral variations of the group velocities as a function of period in cells of 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees with an unprecedented resolution. As a result we were able to address some of the unknowns regarding the lithospheric structure beneath SW Iberia. The dispersion maps allow the imaging of the major structural units, namely the Iberian Massif, and the Lusitanian and Algarve Meso-Cenozoic basins. The Cadiz Gulf/Gibraltar Strait area corresponds to a strong low-velocity anomaly, which can be followed to the largest period inverted, although slightly shifted to the east at longer periods. Within the Iberian Massif, second-order perturbations in the group velocities are consistent with the transitions between tectonic units composing the massif. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sistemas de saúde e participação cidadã: algumas reflexões críticas na perspetiva da sociologia da saúde

Nos últimos dez a quinze anos temos assistido a um aumento do número de iniciativas com a participação da sociedade civil, no sentido de exercer pressão para a reformulação dos direitos sociais. Estes já não são tão vistos como direitos para aceder aos serviços estruturados e administrados pelo Estado (de acordo com o conceito de cidadania de Marshall), mas como uma reivindicação dos cidadãos para terem um papel ativo na definição das políticas públicas e dos serviços. Este debate tem sido muito intenso entre os cientistas sociais desde a década de 1980 e está bastante presente no sistema de cuidados de saúde. Vários estudos têm salientado a forte tensão entre o tecnicismo da medicina e a organização burocrática do sistema de saúde, por um lado, e o modelo de comunicação quotidiana, por outro lado. De facto, um dos temas centrais das reformas dos cuidados de saúde nos últimos 20 anos centrou-se na valorização da experiência e da perspetiva dos cidadãos. O artigo começa com um breve esboço das novas abordagens sociológicas em torno da relação entre os sistemas sociais e o mundo real – nas dimensões micro e macro; estrutura e ação. Assim, apresenta-se o estado da arte atual sobre a participação nos sistemas de saúde ocidentais, resultante da revisão da literatura, destacando as novas estratégias de envolvimento dos doentes bem como as questões relativas às críticas e às limitações. Para terminar, procede-se a uma reflexão acerca da complexidade da relação entre o sistema de cuidados de saúde e as associações de doentes e utentes.

Inspeção e diagnóstico de edifícios recentes: estudo de um caso real

Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização em Edificações

O casamento real de William e Kate : a cobertura jornalística nos jornais The Daily Mail, The Guardian e The Sun

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

Solution enthalpies of 1,4-dioxane: Study of solvent effects through quantitative structure-property relationships

Solution enthalpies of 1,4-dioxane have been obtained in 15 protic and aprotic solvents at 298.15 K. Breaking the overall process through the use of Solomonov's methodology the cavity term was calculated and interaction enthalpies (Delta H-int) were determined. Main factors involved in the interaction enthalpy have been identified and quantified using a QSPR approach based on the TAKA model equation. The relevant descriptors were found to be pi* and beta, which showed, respectively, exothermic and endothermic contributions. The magnitude of pi* coefficient points toward non-specific solute-solvent interactions playing a major role in the solution process. The positive value of the beta coefficient reflects the endothermic character of the solvents' hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) basicity contribution, indicating that solvent molecules engaged in hydrogen bonding preferentially interact with each other rather than with 1,4-dioxane. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High Performance Multi-Standard Architecture for DCT Computation in H.264/AVC High Profile and HEVC Codecs

A new high performance architecture for the computation of all the DCT operations adopted in the H.264/AVC and HEVC standards is proposed in this paper. Contrasting to other dedicated transform cores, the presented multi-standard transform architecture is supported on a completely configurable, scalable and unified structure, that is able to compute not only the forward and the inverse 8×8 and 4×4 integer DCTs and the 4×4 and 2×2 Hadamard transforms defined in the H.264/AVC standard, but also the 4×4, 8×8, 16×16 and 32×32 integer transforms adopted in HEVC. Experimental results obtained using a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA demonstrated the superior performance and hardware efficiency levels provided by the proposed structure, which outperforms its more prominent related designs by at least 1.8 times. When integrated in a multi-core embedded system, this architecture allows the computation, in real-time, of all the transforms mentioned above for resolutions as high as the 8k Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV) (7680×4320 @ 30fps).

A SON Enhanced Algorithm for Observed Time Differences Based Geolocation in Real 3G Networks

Conferência - 16th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC)- Jun 24-27, 2013