Líderes transformacionais e transaccionais: que impacto no empenhamento organizacional?

Tendo como moldura teórica o modelo multifactorial de liderança que traça a destrinça entre líderes transformacionais e transaccionais, o presente trabalho de investigação tem como principal objectivo analisar o impacto que as dimensões que compõem as lideranças transformacionais e transaccionais exercem no empenhamento organizacional dos colaboradores. Para o efeito, foi levado a cabo um estudo comparativo junto de duas organizações, operacionalizado através de inquéritos por questionário a 289 sujeitos. Não obstante a revisão da literatura por nós efectuada indicar que são os líderes transformacionais aqueles que mais contribuem para elevar o empenhamento organizacional dos seguidores, os resultados obtidos não confirmam a hipótese de trabalho formulada. Estamos em crer que esta ambivalência de resultados se deve, primordialmente, à existência de variáveis contingenciais que poderão estar a moderar a relação estudada. Aliás, a necessidade de contextualizar a liderança transformacional e transaccional é uma das principais sugestões que indicamos para futuras investigações.

Design of a sea-level tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz

The devastating impact of the Sumatra tsunami of 26 December 2004, raised the question for scientists of how to forecast a tsunami threat. In 2005, the IOC-UNESCO XXIII assembly decided to implement a global tsunami warning system to cover the regions that were not yet protected, namely the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean and the North East Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (the NEAM region). Within NEAM, the Gulf of Cadiz is the more sensitive area, with an important record of devastating historical events. The objective of this paper is to present a preliminary design for a reliable tsunami detection network for the Gulf of Cadiz, based on a network of sea-level observatories. The tsunamigenic potential of this region has been revised in order to define the active tectonic structures. Tsunami hydrodynamic modeling and GIS technology have been used to identify the appropriate locations for the minimum number of sea-level stations. Results show that 3 tsunameters are required as the minimum number of stations necessary to assure an acceptable protection to the large coastal population in the Gulf of Cadiz. In addition, 29 tide gauge stations could be necessary to fully assess the effects of a tsunami along the affected coasts of Portugal, Spain and Morocco.

Revision of the portuguese catalog of tsunamis

Catastrophic tsunamis are described in historical sources for all regions around the Gulf of Cadiz, at least since 60 BC. Most of the known events are associated with moderate to large earthquakes and among them the better studied is 1 November 1755. We present here a review of the events which effects, on the coasts of the Portuguese mainland and Madeira Island, are well described in historical documents or have been measured by tide gauges since the installation of these instruments. For a few we include new relevant information for the assessment of the tsunami generation or effects, and we discard events that are included in existing compilations but are not supported by quality historical sources or instrumental records. We quote the most relevant quantitative descriptions of tsunami effects on the Portuguese coast, including in all pertinent cases a critical review of the coeval sources, to establish a homogenous event list. When available, instrumental information is presented. We complement all this information with a summary of the conclusions established by paleo-tsunami research.