Mass-degenerate Higgs bosons at 125 GeV in the two-Higgs-doublet model

The analysis of the Higgs boson data by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations appears to exhibit an excess of h -> gamma gamma events above the Standard Model (SM) expectations, whereas no significant excess is observed in h -> ZZ* -> four lepton events, albeit with large statistical uncertainty due to the small data sample. These results (assuming they persist with further data) could be explained by a pair of nearly mass-degenerate scalars, one of which is an SM-like Higgs boson and the other is a scalar with suppressed couplings to W+W- and ZZ. In the two-Higgs-doublet model, the observed gamma gamma and ZZ* -> four lepton data can be reproduced by an approximately degenerate CP-even (h) and CP-odd (A) Higgs boson for values of sin (beta - alpha) near unity and 0: 70 less than or similar to tan beta less than or similar to 1. An enhanced gamma gamma signal can also arise in cases where m(h) similar or equal to m(H), m(H) similar or equal to m(A), or m(h) similar or equal to m(H) similar or equal to m(A). Since the ZZ* -> 4 leptons signal derives primarily from an SM-like Higgs boson whereas the gamma gamma signal receives contributions from two (or more) nearly mass-degenerate states, one would expect a slightly different invariant mass peak in the ZZ* -> four lepton and gamma gamma channels. The phenomenological consequences of such models can be tested with additional Higgs data that will be collected at the LHC in the near future. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.055009.

A 5GHz1.8V Low Power CMOS Low-Noise Amplifier

Wireless local-area networks (WLANs) have been deployed as office and home communications infrastructures worldwide. The diversification of the standards, such as IEEE 802.11 series demands the design of RF front-ends. Low power consumption is one of the most important design concerns in the application of those technologies. To maintain competitive hardware costs, CMOS has been used since it is the best solution for low cost and high integration processing, allowing analog circuits to be mixed with digital ones. In the receiver chain, the low noise amplifier (LNA) is one of the most critical blocks in a transceiver design. The sensitivity is mainly determined by the LNA noise figure and gain. It interfaces with the pre-select filter and the mixer. Furthermore, since it is the first gain stage, care must be taken to provide accurate input match, low-noise figure, good linearity and a sufficient gain over a wide band of operation. Several CMOS LNAs have been reported during the last decade, showing that the most research has been done at 802.11/b and GSM standards (900-2400MHz spectrum) and more recently at 802.11/a (5GHz band). One of the more significant disadvantages of 802.11/b is that the frequency band is crowded and subject to interference from other technologies, as is 2.4GHz cordless phones and Bluetooth. As the demand for radio-frequency integrated circuits, operating at higher frequency bands, increases, the IEEE 802.11/a standard becomes a very attractive option to wireless communication system developers. This paper presents the design and implementation of a low power, low noise amplifier aimed at IEEE 802.11a for WLAN applications. It was designed to be integrated with an active balun and mixer, representing the first step toward a fully integrated monolithic WLAN receiver. All the required circuits are integrated at the same die and are powered by 1.8V supply source. Preliminary experimental results (S-parameters) are shown and promise excellent results. The LNA circuit design details are illustrated in Section 2. Spectre simulation results focused at gain, noise figure (NF) and input/output matching are presented in Section 3. Finally, conclusions and comparison with other recently reported LNAs are made in Section 4, followed by future work.

Direct Color Sensor, Optical Amplifier and Demux Device Integrated on a Single Monolithic SiC Photodetector

A pi'n/pin a-SiC:H voltage and optical bias controlled device is presented and its behavior as image and color sensor, optical amplifier and demux device is discussed. The design and the light source properties are correlated with the sensor output characteristics. Different readout techniques are used. When a low power monochromatic scanner readout the generated carriers the transducer recognizes a color pattern projected on it acting as a direct color and image sensor. Scan speeds up to 10(4) lines per second are achieved without degradation in the resolution. If the photocurrent generated by different monochromatic pulsed channels is readout directly, the information is demultiplexed. Results show that it is possible to decode the information from three simultaneous color channels without bit errors at bit rates per channel higher than 4000 bps. Finally, when triggered by light of appropriated wavelength, it can amplify or suppress the generated photocurrent working as an optical amplifier (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Concepção de uma pequena turbina eólica destinada ao segmento doméstico (simplificação e análise aerodinâmica das pás)

O trabalho que se apresenta incide sobre o estudo aerodinâmico das pás de uma turbina eólica de pequeno porte, com vista à simplificação geométrica, de forma a que estas sejam baratas e de fácil concepção. A teoria da quantidade de movimento do elemento de pá (BEMT), que é o modelo de referência para o projecto e análise aerodinâmica das pás das turbinas eólicas, foi utilizada neste trabalho de forma a projectar e analisar aerodinamicamente as pás da turbina. Sendo assim, desenvolveu-se um programa computacional em MATLAB, denominado de “Turbina”, de forma a implementar a teoria BEM. Introduzindo os dados dos parâmetros de projecto no programa (potência requerida, o número de pás, velocidade do vento, a TSR e o tipo de perfil alar), obtêm-se os parâmetros geométricos das pás (distribuição da corda ao longo da envergadura, o raio da pá e a distribuição da torção da pá), os parâmetros aerodinâmicos e de desempenho. Uma pá ideal foi calculada e de seguida foi modificada de forma a obter-se uma pá simples e menos carregada aerodinamicamente. Introduzidas as modificações na geometria da pá ideal, obtiveram-se duas configurações distintas. Uma configuração linear, onde a distribuição da corda e do ângulo de torção se tornam lineares, e outra configuração bi-linear, onde a distribuição da corda continua linear mas o ângulo de torção se torna bi-linear, isto é, a pá é composta por dois troços onde cada troço apresenta uma distribuição linear do ângulo de torção geométrica. As conclusões demonstram que a configuração bi-linear é uma boa alternativa a configuração ideal, apresentando uma redução do desempenho do rotor de 2.8% para um aumento do raio da pá em 1.41%, para se obter a mesma potência da configuração ideal. A análise aos perfis alares, utilizados neste trabalho, foi efectuada a partir dos programas comerciais ICEM e FLUENT. De forma a automatizar a análise de CFD, três programas foram desenvolvidos utilizando a linguagem de programação “C”. Os programas são denominados de “Malha2D”, “Calcula_Coeficientes” e “Plot_Graficos”. Finalmente, um estudo paramétrico foi feito de forma a avaliar a influências das variáveis de projecto no desempenho geral da turbina.

Desenvolvimento do sistema de tracção de um veículo eléctrico ecológico com travagem regenerativa

Nesta dissertação descreve-se uma metodologia de dimensionamento do sistema de tracção para equipar um veículo eléctrico ecológico (VEECO) com inclusão de um sistema de travagem regenerativa. Apresenta-se uma perspectiva geral de diversas topologias de sistemas de tracção utilizadas nos veículos eléctricos e realiza-se a sua comparação através do estudo e análise dos acionamentos electromecânicos que podem ser utilizados nesses sistemas de tracção eléctrica. Utilizando ferramentas de simulação numérica, estuda-se o modelo matemático de um veículo eléctrico com travagem regenerativa. A partir deste modelo matemático é adoptado uma possível configuração para o seu sistema de tracção eléctrica e são obtidas características teóricas de desempenho do veículo eléctrico, através da análise de testes padrão ao veículo. Em banco de ensaios, constrói-se um sistema de tracção eléctrica que permite a validação experimental do modelo matemático do veículo eléctrico. Para a construção deste banco de ensaios foram concebidos os sistemas de tracção eléctrica, de carga mecânica e de controlo e monitorização do banco de ensaios. A validação experimental realiza-se através dos mesmos testes padrão ao veículo eléctrico, como o teste NEDC (New European Driving Cycle), o teste de aceleração entre 0 e 100km/h e o teste de gradeabilidade. Desenvolve-se o dimensionamento do sistema de tracção eléctrica a equipar o VEECO, através da componente de modelação paramétrica do modelo matemático do veículo eléctrico. Com esta metodologia é adoptado um conjunto de variáveis paramétricas relacionadas com os elementos que constituem o sistema de tracção eléctrica do VEECO. Estuda-se a influência destas variáveis paramétricas nas características de desempenho pretendidas para o VEECO. Como resultado da análise de modelação paramétrica é apresentada uma solução para o sistema de tracção eléctrica do VEECO que cumpre a execução do NEDC, apresenta um tempo de aceleração entre 0 e 100km/h inferior a 10 segundos, supera uma gradeabilidade de 10% e uma autonomia de 200 km. O sistema de tracção do VEECO também permite realizar a travagem regenerativa com rendimento até 33%. Possui controlo de tracção e anti bloqueio da roda motora, através de uma unidade de controlo que permite reduzir a potência transmitida ao veio, quando a velocidade da roda de tracção difere do valor de referência da velocidade do veículo. Os conhecimentos adquiridos através do processo de investigação e desenvolvimento, para a realização da presente dissertação permitem apresentar perspectivas de desenvolvimento futuro com aplicação nos sistemas de tracção de veículos eléctricos rodoviários.

Influência da modelação de núcleos de betão armado no cálculo automático de estruturas de edifícios

O presente trabalho aborda a questão do comportamento e influência estrutural da modelação de um núcleo de secção aberta de parede fina no modelo tridimensional de elementos finitos de um edifício de betão armado, composto por 5 pisos sujeito à acção sísmica regulamentar. Para o efeito, foram considerados os Eurocódigos estruturais, nomeadamente o Eurocódigo 0, Eurocódigo 1 e Eurocódigo 8. A fim de avaliar a importância do tipo de modelação destes elementos estruturais, elemento fundamental para a caracterização da resposta dinâmica, foi desenvolvido um estudo paramétrico, fazendo-se a análise de quatro formas distintas de modelação do mesmo núcleo. Para os mesmos casos de carregamento, é feita uma análise comparativa entre os resultados obtidos a nível de períodos, percentagem de armadura nos pilares e no próprio núcleo bem como os deslocamentos para os modelos em estudo, com recurso a um programa de cálculo automático. O edifício considerado neste trabalho foi modelado com base no programa comercial de cálculo automático SAP 2000 versão 14.4. Posteriormente apresentam-se e discutem-se os resultados obtidos nos vários modelos em causa e para as várias situações propostas ao longo do trabalho.

Seismic resistance of earth construction in Portugal

This paper presents an assessment of the potential seismic performance of new earth construction in Portugal. Results of a parametric study on a properly designed rammed earth construction, considering several strengthening solutions, are presented and discussed. It is concluded that single storey houses can have acceptable seismic performance even in high seismicity areas, provided that the structure is adequately strengthened by reinforced concrete columns and beams. Improvement of the characteristics of the structural material (earth) may be necessary to reduce damage.

Interest rate exposure of Spanish banks: A nonparametric analysis

Interest rate risk is one of the major financial risks faced by banks due to the very nature of the banking business. The most common approach in the literature has been to estimate the impact of interest rate risk on banks using a simple linear regression model. However, the relationship between interest rate changes and bank stock returns does not need to be exclusively linear. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the interest rate exposure of the Spanish banking industry employing both parametric and non parametric estimation methods. Its main contribution is to use, for the first time in the context of banks’ interest rate risk, a nonparametric regression technique that avoids the assumption of a specific functional form. One the one hand, it is found that the Spanish banking sector exhibits a remarkable degree of interest rate exposure, although the impact of interest rate changes on bank stock returns has significantly declined following the introduction of the euro. Further, a pattern of positive exposure emerges during the post-euro period. On the other hand, the results corresponding to the nonparametric model support the expansion of the conventional linear model in an attempt to gain a greater insight into the actual degree of exposure.

Dimensionless analysis of constrained damping treatments

One of the most effective ways of controlling vibrations in plate or beam structures is by means of constrained viscoelastic damping treatments. Contrary to the unconstrained configuration, the design of constrained and integrated layer damping treatments is multifaceted because the thickness of the viscoelastic layer acts distinctly on the two main counterparts of the strain energy the volume of viscoelastic material and the shear strain field. In this work, a parametric study is performed exploring the effect that the design parameters, namely the thickness/length ratio, constraining layer thickness, material modulus, natural mode and boundary conditions have on these two counterparts and subsequently, on the treatment efficiency. This paper presents five parametric studies, namely, the thickness/length ratio, the constraining layer thickness, material properties, natural mode and boundary conditions. The results obtained evidence an interesting effect when dealing with very thin viscoelastic layers that contradicts the standard treatment efficiency vs. layer thickness relation; hence, the potential optimisation of constrained and integrated viscoelastic treatments through the use of properly designed thin multilayer configurations is justified. This work presents a dimensionless analysis and provides useful general guidelines for the efficient design of constrained and integrated damping treatments based on single or multi-layer configurations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Capacitive effects in pinpin photodiodes

The application of a-SiC:H/a-Si:H pinpin photodiodes for optoelectronic applications as a WDM demultiplexer device has been demonstrated useful in optical communications that use the WDM technique to encode multiple signals in the visible light range. This is required in short range optical communication applications, where for costs reasons the link is provided by Plastic Optical Fibers. Characterization of these devices has shown the presence of large photocapacitive effects. By superimposing background illumination to the pulsed channel the device behaves as a filter, producing signal attenuation, or as an amplifier, producing signal gain, depending on the channel/background wavelength combination. We present here results, obtained by numerical simulations, about the internal electric configuration of a-SiC:H/a-Si:H pinpin photodiode. These results address the explanation of the device functioning in the frequency domain to a wavelength tunable photo-capacitance due to the accumulation of space charge localized at the bottom diode that, according to the Shockley-Read-Hall model, it is mainly due to defect trapping. Experimental result about measurement of the photodiode capacitance under different conditions of illumination and applied bias will be also presented. The combination of these analyses permits the description of a wavelength controlled photo-capacitance that combined with the series and parallel resistance of the diodes may result in the explicit definition of cut off frequencies for frequency capacitive filters activated by the light background or an oscillatory resonance of photogenerated carriers between the two diodes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Implications of the Intervention Program for Physical Activity (IPPA) in the perception of illness and wellbeing in people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

The aim of this study is to examine the implications of the IPPA in the perception of illness and wellbeing in MS patients. Methods - This is a quasi experimental study non-randomized study with 24 MS patients diagnosed at least 1 year before, and with an EDSS score of under 7. We used the IPPA in 3 groups of eight people in 3 Portuguese hospitals (Lisbon, Coimbra, and Porto). The sessions were held once a week for 90 minutes, over a period of 7 weeks. The instruments used were: We asked the subjects the question “Please classify the severity of your disease?” and used the Personal Wellbeing Scale (PWS) at the beginning (time A) and end (time B) of the IPPA. We used the SPSS version 20. A non-parametric statistical hypothesis test (Wilcoxon test) was used for the variable analysis. The intervention followed the recommendations of the Helsinki Declaration. Results – The results suggest that there are differences between time A and B, the perception of illness decreased (p<0.08), while wellbeing increased (p<0.01). Conclusions: The IPPA can play an important role in modifying the perception of disease severity and personal wellbeing.

Classificação de atividades físicas através do uso do acelerómetro do smartphone

Dissertação de natureza científica realizada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de redes de comunicação e Multimédia

Immunohistochemistry in formalin-gel fixed tissues

There are several hazards in histopathology laboratories and its staff must ensure that their professional activity is set to the highest standards while complying with the best safety procedures. Formalin is one of the chemical hazards to which such professionals are routinely exposed. To decrease this contact, it is suggested that 10% neutral buffered liquid formalin (FL) is replaced by 10% formalin-gel (FG), given the later reduces the likelihood of spills and splashes, and decreased fume levels are released during its handling, proving itself less harmful. However, it is mandatory to assess the effectiveness of FG as a fixative and ensure that the subsequent complementary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC), are not compromised. Two groups of 30 samples from human placenta have been fixed with FG and FL fixatives during different periods of time (12, 24, and 48 hours) and, thereafter, processed, embedded, and sectioned. IHC for six different antibodies was performed and the results were scored (0–100) using an algorithm that took into account immunostaining intensity, percentage of staining structures, non-specific immunostaining, contrast, and morphological preservation. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used (alpha = 0•05). All results were similar for both fixatives, with global score means of 95•36±6•65 for FL and 96•06±5•80 for FG, and without any statistical difference (P>0•05). The duration of the fixation had no statistical relevance also (P>0•05). So it is proved here FG could be an effective alternative to FL.

A new bridge between leptonic CP violation and leptogenesis

Flavour effects due to lepton interactions in the early Universe may have played an important role in the generation of the cosmological baryon asymmetry through leptogenesis. If the only source of high-energy CP violation comes from the left-handed leptonic sector, then it is possible to establish a bridge between flavoured leptogenesis and low-energy leptonic CP violation. We explore this connection taking into account our present knowledge about low-energy neutrino parameters and the matter-antimatter asymmetry observed in the Universe. In this framework, we find that leptogenesis favours a hierarchical light neutrino mass spectrum, while for quasi-degenerate and inverted hierarchical neutrino masses there is a very narrow allowed window. The absolute neutrino mass scale turns out to be m less than or similar to 0.1 eV. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efeitos da sobrecarga das mochilas escolares nas alterações posturais e de equilíbrio

Mestrado em Fisioterapia