Emoções positivas e motivação na reabilitação biopsicossocial

RESUMO: O presente estudo tem como principal objectivo verificar o fluxo emocional e a motivação para a mudança num programa de reabilitação biopsicossocial de alcoolismo e toxicodependências, com a duração de quatro semanas. Para esse efeito, procedeu-se à recolha da amostra de 30 participantes dentro do programa, utilizando para avaliar o fluxo emocional os relatos de episódios emocionais, o Teste de Positividade (TP), a Analogical Emotional Scale (AES), o Subjective Well-being (SWB), o Controlo Percebido Subjectivo (CPS) em três momentos distintos do programa, pelo que para avaliar a motivação foi utilizada a escala SOCRATES 8D no inicio e no final do programa de reabilitação. A teoria argumenta a existência de um aumento na satisfação pessoal e nas emoções positivas durante o processo de mudança, ou seja, quando o processo terapêutico decorre de forma favorável. Os resultados confirmam a existência de uma evolução linear positiva no TP, como também no SWB e CPS. Contudo não foi totalmente confirmado um aumento positivo da motivação, pelo que os resultados apenas demonstraram diferenças significativas na subescala Ambivalência da escala SOCRATES 8D, verificando-se um decréscimo acentuado entre os dois momentos, o que se revela favorável para o processo de mudança desejado no programa. ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study is to verify the emotional flow and the motivation for change process in a bio-psychosocial rehabilitation program for alcoholism and drug addictions, with a duration of four weeks. To this end, we proceeded to collect the sample of 30 participants in the program, to evaluate the emotional flow we use the emotional reports, the Positivity Test (PT), the Analogical Emotional Scale (AES), the Subjective Well-Being (SWB), the Subjective Perceived Control (PSC) in three separate moments of the program, to assess the motivation scale was used the SOCRATES 8D scale at the beginning and in the end of the rehabilitation program. The theory argues that there is an increase in personal satisfaction and positive emotions during the change process, when the therapeutic process runs optimally. The results confirm the existence of a positive linear trend in the PT, in SWB and CPS. However it was not totally confirmed an positive increase in motivation, so the results only showed significant differences in ambivalence subscale of the SOCRATES 8D, and there is a sharp decrease between the two moments, which proves favorable for the desired process of change in the program.

Sobre a importância de construir uma teoria do Direito Internacional em face do nacionalismo

The present essay is based on a lecture delivered on the 25 August 2011 at the KIMEP (Kazakhstan Institute of Management, Economics and Strategic Research). Its principal aim is to explore the relationship between international law and nationalism, whilst arguing that both concepts cannot be viewed as two separate and self-contained realities, but should rather be considered in light of their mutual interaction. The external actions of a nation are reflected internally. Similarly, its internal actions have external repercussions. In this work, such consequences are examined in a nation-state with an authoritarian structure as opposed to those found in a democratic nation-state. Additionally, the concept of nationalism is studied in its variant forms in both these contexts, leading to the premise that an aggressive and expansionist nation-state is unlikely to be guided by a constitution that places a high value on democracy and freedom. A nation which does not respect the liberties of its own nationals will undoubtedly disrespect other States and their nationals, and vice-versa. This begs the question: should international law be irresponsive and neutral in these cases? Although briefly, this work also discusses a personalist or individualist type of nationalism by exploring its foundations and advantages and, consequently, postulating its legitimacy and compatibility with the underlying tenets of international law.