The re-urbanization of the city center of Manaus , Brazil - Facing the challenges of informal settlements

Illegal occupation of urban land in Brazil is a widespread phenomenon. Slum dwellers are excluded from the attributes of urban citizenship although they provide the labor force required by low productivity urban services needed by cities. Illegal settlements generate multiple problems for the rest of the city . Its solution is of key relevance to the city in general but also provide an opportunity for the social and economic advancement of slum dwellers. The programs required to attain these results are complex and difficult to implement underscoring the challenges countries will face to attain the Millennium Development Goals of reducing the population living in slums.

Design factors affecting the success of settlement upgrading projects. Favela Bairro Program, Rio de Janeiro

One of the main stated objectives of the Favela Bairro program was to allow squatter settlements to become part of the formal city. The focus of the study is to assess how different project solutions in the Favela Bairro program have used urban design tools to achieve this objective. A subsequent question concerns the extent to which urban design factors helped to improve the social integration of the settlements, and specifically to overcome poverty and exclusion conditions.This bring us to a another group of problems related to indicators to measure the attainment of these objectives from four perspectives: Spatial, Social, Economical and Political (citizenship and participation)This analysis highlights the major difficulties confronted by the design teams, and allows pinpointing the positive and negative impacts of the interventions on the communities and the city

Políticas públicas para a educação do campo: a EJA - Educação de Jovens e Adultos - em Comunidades campesinas

RESUMO:O prisma central desta pesquisa se insere na dimensão da análise da aplicação das Políticas Púbicas educacionais implantadas pelo governo brasileiro e direcionadas à Educação do Campo aos Jovens e Adultos que vivem nas Comunidades Campesinas dos assentamentos da Reforma Agrária. Com vistas a avaliar se a efetivação dessas políticas estão conseguindo propiciar aos nossos camponês, sua permanência no campo, podendo desfrutar de uma vida mais digna para si, sua família e sua comunidade, foi feita a análise de conteúdos das entrevistas realizadas com os alunos, seus pais e seus professores, no intuito de compreender quais são os benefícios da implantação da EJA na comunidade pesquisada. O estudo mostrou que as Políticas Educacionais direcionadas ao Campo, no município de Conceição do Araguaia-PA, na modalidade EJA, têm conseguido ajudar o homem do campo na luta por melhorias na qualidade de vida de suas comunidades e contribuído enquanto elemento formulador da permanência do homem do campo em suas terras, além de se constituir numa ferramenta de conscientização política por se configurar como uma educação diferenciada da encontrada nos centros urbanos, pois suas diretrizes são direcionadas às especificidades da população campesina e tem como ponto de partida as dificuldades vivenciadas por seus alunos. ABSTRACT: The prism of this research is inserted in the dimension of the analysis of the implementation of educational public policy implemented by the Brazilian government and directed the Rural Education, for young people and adults living in agrarian reform settlements. With the aim to value whether the implementation of these policies are able to provide our peasant his stay in the countryside can enjoy a better life for himself, his family and his community, has made the content analysis of interviews with students, their parents and their teachers in order to understand what are the benefits of the implementation of Adult and Young people Education in this pesquised community. The study showed that policies aimed at the educational field, in the municipality of Conceição do Araguaia-PA, in the form Adult and Young People Education, has succeeded in helping the people in the field fighting for improvements in quality of life of their communities and contributed as part formulator of the permanence of the countryside on their land, and from being a tool for political awareness to configure itself as a differentiated education that found in urban centers, because their directives are geared to the specificities of the peasant population and its starting point the difficulties experienced by their students.