Researching and designing GREAT; the extremely condensed hybrid urban block

The fact that the hybrid building is an extremely condensed urban block which increases the city’s density and contributes to the public realm of the city – horizontally as well vertically - forms one of the key interests of this documentation, research and master studio work. The “ground scraper” is not only public because of the character of its plinth facing surrounding streets, but also in regard to its interior space that is partly accessible to public. As such the European hybrid building potentially extends the city’s public domain horizontally and vertically into the building’s interior and links the public domain inside and outside. Notwithstanding, the hybrid building due to its specific and unconventional character represents a truly urban architecture that was unfortunately often rejected in the name of ‘purity’ of form and function during the twentieth century. Or with other words, its rejection demonstrates the domination of the building’s plan opposed to the section. Today, new frameworks for the city, like the “compact city,” ask for innovative interpretations and designs of building types, worthy to be investigated and proposed. The architectural type of the hybrid building, (re)defines and expresses the relation between architecture and the city in a specific manner. To begin with, the city of Rotterdam forms the first test-case of the Hybrid’s project to document and discuss statements, such as “the hybrid building has a long- standing tradition within this ‘modern city”, “it is a machine for urbanity,” “it enlarges the city,” “it innovates because of its ambitiousness but also because of necessity,” “it combines to activate,” “it asks for extraordinary design intelligence and craftsmanship.” A special way of drawing is developed to document, analyse and compare historical and contemporary representatives of the species. The method includes panoply of scales ranging from the morphological arrangement on the scale of the city, the typologies of stacking diverse programs to the architectural features that establish the mutual relationship between the public space of the city and the interior of the building. Basically the features analysed within the series of drawings are also constitutional for (the success of) every future hybrid building.

Educação ambiental nas series finais do ensino fundamental II no Municipio de Itambe-BA

RESUMO: Nesta dissertação apresenta-se um estudo de caso integrado que tem por objetivo analisar como a temática ambiental é desenvolvida nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental II nas escolas públicas do Município de Itambé- Bahia. Esta investigação discorre a relação do homem - natureza, concepções de meio ambiente e sustentabilidade; retrata a educação ambiental no Ensino Fundamental e suas tendências pedagógicas. Este trabalho foi realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2010 em duas escolas localizadas na zona urbana do município de Itambé-BA. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionários aplicados a 180 alunos do 8º e 9º ano; entrevistas semiestruturadas com 20 professores, análise do Projeto Político Pedagógico e observação direta. Os resultados apontaram que há uma prática da Educação Ambiental voltada ao preservacionismo; a maioria dos educadores realiza a sua prática docente de forma individual, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento da EA. Inferimos que os professores necessitam de formação em educação ambiental, pautadas em uma visão crítica, percebendo o meio ambiente dentro de todas as suas dimensões e complexidades e que a Secretaria Municipal de Educação fortaleça o desenvolvimento dessa temática, a fim de executar ações voltadas ao cuidado com a natureza e a vida humana. Palavras-chave: educação ambiental, meio ambiente, desenvolvimento sustentável, Ensino Fundamental, prática pedagógica. ABSTRACT: This dissertation presents an integrated case study that aims to analyze how the environmental theme is developed in the final grades of primary education in public schools II of Itambé-Bahia. This research discusses the relationship of man - nature, conceptions of environment and sustainability; portrays environmental education in elementary education and its pedagogical trends. This work was carried out from August to December 2010 in two schools located in the urban area of Itambé-BA. Data were obtained through questionnaires given to 180 students of 8th and 9th grade, semi-structured interviews with 20 teachers, analysis of the Political Pedagogical Project and direct observation. The results showed that there is a practice of environmental education to conservatism, most educators place their teaching practice individually, which hinders the development of EA. We infer that teachers need training in environmental education, rooted in a critical view, seeing the environment in all its dimensions and complexities and that the City Department of Education strengthen the development of this theme in order to perform actions directed care with nature and human life.