Museums as service providers

The present paper discusses the complex understanding of Museum as an entity that provides services. Indeed we are far from seeing museums fully acting as services since the rationale of the way they operate derives from the permanent concession of grants either from state budgets or from beneficent institutions. In order to do this, we use reflections presented in previous papers, where we considered these issues separately; we now believe they will gain some coherence when articulated with the reflection on museums seen in their possible, albeit inadequately assumed, condition as service providers.We shall consider some aspects of the introduction in museums of the new information and communication technologies (NICT) as part of this process. On the one hand, these technologies open doors, and some museums take good advantage of that; but on the other hand their being used in a limited way does not enable the realisation of the role they can play, with multiple benefits from the organisational point of view, fostering innovation and creating new service concepts that are more aware of the world we live in.

Utilização de modelos farmacocinéticos de base fisiológica no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos

Nas últimas décadas tem-se verificado um aumento bastante acentuado da utilização de modelos in vitro e in silico para a obtenção de dados que permitem aumentar a eficácia de programas de desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Actualmente são utilizados dois tipos de modelos para descrever a farmacocinética de compostos químicos em função do tempo: modelos empíricos farmacocinéticos e modelos farmacocinéticos baseados na fisiologia (PBPK). Modelos PBPK assumem que o corpo humano interage com os compostos químicos como um sistema integrado, pelo que um evento que ocorre numa zona do corpo poderá influenciar um evento a ocorrer noutra zona, aparentemente distinta. Estes modelos assumem que o organismo humano é constituído por “compartimentos” que representam fisiologicamente os órgãos, tecidos e outros espaços fisiológicos. Para a correcta utilização destes modelos é necessário determinar a estrutura do modelo e as suas características, escrever equações que o caracterizem, bem como definir e estimar os parâmetros deste. Estes modelos têm vindo a ser usados no campo toxicológico e farmacêutico cada vez com maior frequência. No futuro poder-se-ão transformar numa ferramenta universal.

Working in partnership with the Museum Training Institute providing in service training for museum personnel

The South Eastern Museums Service is one of ten Area Museums Councils in Great Britain. They are partnerships; membership organizations to which the 2 000 + museums belong. They provide advice, support, technical services, information and training for their members. They are the principal channel of government grant-in-aid to local government, university and independent museums. This funding comes from the Department of National Heritage via the Museums & Galleries Commission. At the South Eastern Museums Service I am responsible for the development and delivery of training for 600 museums in our region and the provision of information about museums and of interest to museums. This paper explains how we approach in-service training and the value of the definition of national standards for our work. It will pose some questions: What is training? What is a training need? and describe a new initiative, the development of training materials and their delivery.

Societal development and the traditional museum: Applying New Museology to a different context

The Dapperstreet[1] ...Anything is a lot, when you expect so little Life keeps its wonders hidden To suddenly reveal them in a divine state. I thought about all t Soaking wet, one drizzly morning, Simply happy in the Dapperstreet. The Dapperstreet is part of a neighbourhood often referred to as “East”, situated in the eastern part of Amsterdam. It is a lively and vibrant multi-cultural part of the city. It has a daily market with food from around the world, but is also known worldwide because of the murder on Theo van Gogh, the Dutch film director who was killed there in 2001 because of his critical and provocative statements on the Islam. Thus it can be concluded that it is certainly a neighbourhood with its own problems but, as can be read in Bloem’s poem, a place to call home and long for. [1] Poem by J.C. Bloem, The Dapperstreet (Het Verlangen, 1921). Translation by Davida de Hond.

Training for museums and the National Charter for museum professions in Italy: a new prospective for development

Traditionally Italian universities have trained researchers and professionals in conservation: archaeologists, art historians and architects. It is only with the reform of the universities, from 1999, that the teaching of museology and museography have also been expanded.Italian museums are for the most part public museums, depending on local bodies or the national ministry; they lack autonomy and do not possess specific professional figures. The task of conservation has predominated over the other roles of museums, but with the reform of the conservation law in 2004 the definition of „museum‟ has been introduced in Italy as well, and regulations regarding the development of heritage have been issued; in addition the Regions have also taken on a more active role for museums belonging to local bodies and for the development of their territory.Museum professions are not officially recognised, but the museum community, through the various associations and ICOM Italia, has put together a document to act as a general reference, the National Charter of Museum Professions, which has been followed by the Manual of Museum Professions in Europe. Now there is a need to plan the content and outlines ofvocational training courses for museum professionals, together withthe universities, the regions and the museums themselves, alongwith the associations and ICOM – ICTOP, utilising the mostinnovative Master‟s courses which offer an interdisciplinaryapproach, a methodology which combines theory and practice, andan element of hands-on experimentation in museums, or withmuseums.