Insatisfação corporal e as influencias dos meios de comunicação face à aparência, controlo do peso e obesidade

RESUMO: O objectivo deste estudo é identificar o índice da insatisfação corporal e as influências dos meios de comunicação nas atitudes da mulher face á mudança da aparência, controlo do peso e Obesidade. Pretende-se com este estudo caracterizar e relacionar o índice de insatisfação corporal e a influência exercida pelos meios de comunicação social, fazendo um estudo com base nas diferenças entre dois grupos, numa amostra de 118 participantes do sexo feminino. A amostra de conveniência é composta por 59 mulheres diagnosticadas com obesidade mórbida grau III e grau IV, acompanhada no Serviço de Obesidade do Hospital de Santa Maria e numa amostra de 59 mulheres sem o diagnóstico de obesidade mórbida, com idades compreendidas entre os 19 e os 72 anos. O Protocolo de avaliação foi constituído por um questionário com recolhas dos dados demográficos e métodos utilizados pela mulher para o controlo do peso e duas escalas Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 3 e Body Shape Questionnaire. Verificou-se uma elevada insatisfação corporal e influências dos meios de comunicação no grupo clínico. Foi verificado ainda que a faixa etária das mulheres entre os 26 aos 39 anos são as que mais sofrem influências dos meios de comunicação face as atitudes para mudar a aparência. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to identify the index of body dissatisfaction and the influences of media on women's attitudes will change the face looks. It is intended to characterize the study and associate the index of body dissatisfaction and the influences exerted by the media, control and obesity. Doing a study based on the differences between two groups, a sample of 118 participants were female, the non-random sample consisted by 59 women diagnosed with morbid obesity level III and Grade IV, monitored in the Office of Obesity, Hospital de Santa Maria and a random sample of 59 women without a diagnosis of morbid obesity aged between 19 and 72 years. The Protocol of evaluation was made of a questionnaire with collections of demographic data and methods used by women for weight control and two scales Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 3 and Body Shape Questionnaire. There was high body dissatisfaction and influences of the media in the clinical group. It was also verified that the age group of women among the 26 to 39 years who are suffering most are the influences of the media to change attitudes towards the dark.

Preliminary Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Eating Inventory for Athletes

The field of eating disorders among athletes has recently been Preliminary Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Eating Inventory for Athletes Palmeira, A.L.(1); Veloso, S.(1); Falcão, M.J.(1); and Dosil, J.(2) Table 2. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha the focus of several publications, reflecting a growing field of interest and research (Dosil, 2008). Some sports demand a strict compliance to restrictive diets at different times of the competitive season, while others like, some types of gymnastics emphasize the thinness of the athletes. Hence there is a need to develop sound measures to evaluate the athletes eating habits and possible eating disorders. The Cuestionario de Hábitos Alimentarios del Deportista (CHAD), is one of these measures. It comprises 5 dimensions: i) Weight Gain Anxiety (e.g. If I eat too much I regret it afterwards; 12 items); ii) Body Image Worries (e.g., I’m always thinking about my body; 6 items,); iii) Irritability (e.g., If the coach speaks about weight matters, I feel anxious; 7 items); iv) Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction with Body Image (e.g., I’m satisfied with my appearance; 5 items); and v) Dieting (e.g., When the season ends, I keep practicing so that I don’t gain weight, 4 items).

Relação entre a imagem corporal e a toma de substâncias ergogénicas nutricionais

Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar a associação entre a utilização de substancias ergogénicas nutricionais, a dependência do exercício e a imagem corporal em praticantes de exercício em contextos de Fitness. Um total de 300 indivíduos, 185 homens e 115 mulheres, participaram neste estudo transversal e responderam a questionários constituídos pela Escala de Dependência do Exercício (EDE-21), Inventario de Perturbacões Alimentares (EDI-2), Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) e Teoria do Comportamento Planeado para a toma de substâncias ergogénicas nutricionais (TCP). Para analise de comparação utilizou-se o teste t, que revelou que as mulheres são mais insatisfeitas com a imagem do corpo (p=.022) e apresentam maior ansiedade física social (p<.001) e predisposição para a toma de substâncias ergogénicas nutricionais (p<.001) A toma de substancias ergogénicas nutricionais foi explicada pelo IMC e a percepção de controlo do comportamento. Os homens são mais perfeccionistas (p<.OOl) e recorrem mais à toma de substâncias (p<.OOl), sendo esta explicada pela intenção e dependência do exercício.Verificou-se que a motiva<;ao para a magreza se relaciona com a frequência do exercício (p=.027) e que a dismorfia muscular se relaciona com dependência do exercício (p<.OOl), frequência(p<.OOl), volume (p=.18), intensidade (p=.048) e predisposição para a toma de substâncias ergogénicas (todos p<.05). Mulheres com maior ansiedade física social apresentaram menor predisposição para a toma de substancias e por ultimo, níveis de IMC mais baixos, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres, relacionaram-se com maior toma reportada de suplementos (todos p<.05). Os resultados enfatizam a importância de futuras intervenções, com foco em estratégias de mediação sobre os distúrbios de imagem corporal, focando principalmente os aspectos negativos a ela associados.

Women, Portuguese culture and Diaspora : Women from Goa in New Zealand and cultural adaptation

New Zealand is a nation of Migrants. Immigrants have played a significant role in the country’s economic growth and cultural development. With a population of four million people, New Zealand’s population is becoming increasingly culturally diverse. Almost one in five New Zealanders were born overseas, rising to one in three in its largest city, Auckland. Asians are the fastest growing ethnic group, increasing by around 140% since 1996. Indians account for 1.2% of the population (Statistics New Zealand, 2002). The Goan community in New Zealand is relatively small and its size is not formally recorded, however, anecdotally it appears to have grown to over 200 families in the Auckland area, with most arriving after 1996. For women who migrate, loneliness and isolation have been identified as the most ‘glaring’ experience and this is intensified by the loss of extended family networks when they migrate to a country where nuclear families are the norm (Leckie, 1995). The creation of new networks and maintenance of prior networks in new ways is crucial to the successful settlement and integration into a new country. This paper reports on how Goan, Indian women in Auckland, New Zealand used specific strategies to manage the adjustment to living in a new country. The findings reveal that participants used a variety of skills to settle in New Zealand such as cultivating a “can do” attitude, obtaining support and learning. These skills enabled them to move beyond their own culture and begin to take active part in New Zealand culture. However, this process was not immediate and the participants passed through a number of stages along a continuum of settlement and integration. These stages will be discussed below and situated within a body of literature.