Análise de riscos e procedimentos de segurança na reabilitação de coberturas e fachadas de edifícios do Centro Histórico de Lisboa. Caso da Baixa Pombalina.

Pretende-se no presente artigo apresentar uma análise de riscos relacionados com a reabilitação de edifícios Pombalinos e que estejam associados à ausência ou deficiência de projeto. Numa primeira fase analisa-se o crescimento urbano e patrimonial das áreas que compõem o centro histórico da capital. Posteriormente procede-se à tipificação da constituição dos edifícios, considerando-se as suas dimensões, os materiais e as suas soluções estruturais e arquitetónicas. Tendo por base o descrito na literatura existente e os conhecimentos adquiridos, procede-se posteriormente à descrição das principais patologias e carências de reabilitação inerentes a este tipo de construções. Numa fase posterior referem-se as insuficiências a nível de projeto com que usualmente os atores deste tipo de obras se deparam e analisam-se os riscos resultantes. Por último apresentam-se conclusões e sugerem-se desenvolvimentos futuros. - The present work seeks to present a hazard analysis related to the rehabilitation of Pombaline buildings, associated with the design lacks or absences. In a first moment, the urban and patrimonial growth of the historical central areas of Lisbon is analyzed. Afterwards, a description of the buildings constitution is proposed, considering its dimensions, materials and the architectural and structural solutions. Considering the existent literature and the knowledge acquired, the main pathologies and rehabilitation needs inherent to these kinds of constructions are mentioned. In the posterior phase, the usual design lacks or absences are referred and the consequent hazard analyzed. Finally, we reach some conclusions and suggest other works to be developed in the future.

Researching and designing GREAT; the extremely condensed hybrid urban block

The fact that the hybrid building is an extremely condensed urban block which increases the city’s density and contributes to the public realm of the city – horizontally as well vertically - forms one of the key interests of this documentation, research and master studio work. The “ground scraper” is not only public because of the character of its plinth facing surrounding streets, but also in regard to its interior space that is partly accessible to public. As such the European hybrid building potentially extends the city’s public domain horizontally and vertically into the building’s interior and links the public domain inside and outside. Notwithstanding, the hybrid building due to its specific and unconventional character represents a truly urban architecture that was unfortunately often rejected in the name of ‘purity’ of form and function during the twentieth century. Or with other words, its rejection demonstrates the domination of the building’s plan opposed to the section. Today, new frameworks for the city, like the “compact city,” ask for innovative interpretations and designs of building types, worthy to be investigated and proposed. The architectural type of the hybrid building, (re)defines and expresses the relation between architecture and the city in a specific manner. To begin with, the city of Rotterdam forms the first test-case of the Hybrid’s project to document and discuss statements, such as “the hybrid building has a long- standing tradition within this ‘modern city”, “it is a machine for urbanity,” “it enlarges the city,” “it innovates because of its ambitiousness but also because of necessity,” “it combines to activate,” “it asks for extraordinary design intelligence and craftsmanship.” A special way of drawing is developed to document, analyse and compare historical and contemporary representatives of the species. The method includes panoply of scales ranging from the morphological arrangement on the scale of the city, the typologies of stacking diverse programs to the architectural features that establish the mutual relationship between the public space of the city and the interior of the building. Basically the features analysed within the series of drawings are also constitutional for (the success of) every future hybrid building.

Design factors affecting the success of settlement upgrading projects. Favela Bairro Program, Rio de Janeiro

One of the main stated objectives of the Favela Bairro program was to allow squatter settlements to become part of the formal city. The focus of the study is to assess how different project solutions in the Favela Bairro program have used urban design tools to achieve this objective. A subsequent question concerns the extent to which urban design factors helped to improve the social integration of the settlements, and specifically to overcome poverty and exclusion conditions.This bring us to a another group of problems related to indicators to measure the attainment of these objectives from four perspectives: Spatial, Social, Economical and Political (citizenship and participation)This analysis highlights the major difficulties confronted by the design teams, and allows pinpointing the positive and negative impacts of the interventions on the communities and the city