The Pedagogical Congresses of Portuguese Secondary Teaching : the participation of female teachers (1927-1928)

This paper was written within the context of the research project “The development of teacher’ associative organizations and unionism (1889-1990)” funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Foundation for Science and Technology). Five important congresses about secondary education were organized in Portugal between 1927 and 1931. These congresses served to claim the rights of teachers and the consolidation of the class, as well as to promote the discussion of scientific and pedagogical problems. In these congresses, the presence of female teachers was residual. However, the few teachers who participated had a significant contribution to the definition of secondary education during the following decades. Among other issues, it contributed to the discussion of female education and to analyze the importance of Biology and Physical Education in high schools. This paper presents the analysis of the minutes of the 1927s and 1928s Congresses. This analysis allowed the assessment of the important role played by a group of teachers to define, at the end of the first third of the 20th century, the future guidelines of Portuguese secondary education. It also reported that these teachers were pioneers who opened the way for the increasing number of teachers in secondary education during the 20th century.

Projectos de tutorias em meio escolar

RESUMO: O combate ao insucesso e ao desajustamento de uma grande parte de alunos à realidade escolar fazem parte dos maiores desafios que a escola enfrenta nos dias de hoje. Assim sendo, a escola actual, que se deseja para todos, tem de estar receptiva à implementação de modalidades de apoio diversificadas, de modo a responder à crescente heterogeneidade cultural, social e ética dos seus alunos. O presente trabalho estuda a forma como dois agrupamentos de escolas dão corpo à legislação que regulamenta a figura do tutor nas escolas. A investigação utiliza como instrumentos de recolha de dados a análise documental e a entrevista semi-estruturada a tutores. Na análise documental, procedeu-se à identificação das referências e dos objectivos concebidos para esta forma de apoio, nos respectivos projectos educativos e regulamentos internos. Nas entrevistas aos tutores, abordam-se as percepções dos professores tutores e dos coordenadores dos projectos dos dois agrupamentos sobre a prática da tutoria, as suas vantagens, dificuldades e formas de implementação nas escolas. Partindo destes dados, deseja-se dar a conhecer a forma como duas escolas, tendo por base os normativos legais, desenvolvem projectos de tutorias, como resposta às necessidades crescentes de acompanhamento dos alunos.ABSTRACT: Fighting failure and non- adaptation to school of a large number of students can be considered the main challenge schools have to face today. Therefore, today’s school which is intended to be inclusive must be prepared to implement a diversity of support measures in order to meet the increasing cultural, social and ethical differences of students. The present study analyses the way how two different schools interpret and implement the legislation that regulates the role of a school tutor. As data survey tools the research uses documental analysis and semi-structured interview to school tutors. In the documental analysis the references and the objectives drawn by the two schools to implement tutoring were identified in the school projects and School Rules of Procedures. In the interviews we aimed to identify the tutors and Project Coordinators’ perception about their tutorship practices, advantages, problems and ways of implementation at school. From the obtained data we aim to report the way how the two schools, based upon legal procedures develop tutoring projects as a solution to the increasing needs of students guidance.