A atitude dos professores face à inclusão de alunos com deficiência : a influência do nível de ensino

RESUMO: A conjuntura actual veicula a necessidade de reflexão e de mudança acerca da concepção do modelo educativo, que se reformulam em novas realidades e ajustam a incumbência de adaptar. É certo que as necessidades de mudança devem partir de uma reflexão séria, fundamentando-se e difundindo o seu propósito em valores superiores. Estes desafios, que se cruzam na moralização social, tornam a discussão acerca do Paradigma Inclusivo substancial. O carácter quantitativo do estudo, assume o pressuposto de encontrar uma forma de monitorização de dados, decorrentes da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário, que para além da recolha de informações, visava também promover a reflexão dos professores, acerca das suas atitudes. Numa lógica de investigação em mosaico, obteve-se uma amostra total de 741 inquiridos, seleccionados no universo docente de forma aleatória. O tratamento estatístico foi desenvolvido por meio do suplemento EZanalyze, recorrendo-nos do teste paramétrico de análise de variância – ANOVA. Assim, pareceu-nos pertinente, centrar este estudo na figura activa do professor, no processo ensino-aprendizagem em contexto de sala de aula, propondo-nos a procurar eventuais analogias entre as variáveis Nível de Ensino e Grupo Disciplinar em estreita relação com a atitude dos docentes, relativas às vantagens da educação inclusiva, tanto para os alunos ditos normais como para os alunos portadores de deficiência, averiguando tanto a deficiência no seu âmbito geral, como especificando ainda a Deficiência Mental e a Deficiência Motora. Verificou-se que as variáveis Nível de Ensino e o Grupo Disciplinar influenciam directamente a atitude dos professores face aos benefícios para os alunos, que advêm da implementação do Paradigma Inclusivo. Verificou-se ainda que as vantagens que a inclusão proporciona, vão-se esbatendo à medida que o nível de ensino vai avançando. Naturalmente, destacam-se de forma positiva, os Educadores de Infância e os professores do 1º ciclo como os que se aproximam de atitudes mais inclusivas. Por sua vez constatou-se que as atitudes dos docentes do 2º ciclo ao ensino secundário evidenciavam atitudes bastante idênticas. ABSTRACT: The present context conveys the need for reflection and transformation on the educational model, which will reshape into new realities and readapt. It is true that the need for change must start from a serious enquiry, basing himself and his purpose on spreading higher standards. These challenges are intertwined in social moralizing which makes the discussion surrounding the Inclusive Paradigm substantial. The quantitative nature of the study, assumes the purpose of finding a way to monitor data from the application of a questionnaire that in addition to the collection of information, also aimed at promoting teachers reflection about their attitudes. In the logics of mosaic research, we obtained a total sample of 741 respondents, all of them were teachers selected at random. Statistical analysis was developed through EZanalyze, using the parametric test analysis of variance - ANOVA. Thus, it seemed appropriate that this study focused on the teacher's active figure on the teaching-learning process in the classroom, offering us a look for possible analogies between the variables Education Degree and Discipline Group in close relation with the teacher’s attitude concerning the advantages of inclusive education, for normal students as for students with disabilities, examining the deficiency within the general scope, such as specifying mentally and physical disabled. It was concluded that the variables Level of Education and Discipline Group directly influence teacher’s attitude, towards student’s benefits, coming from implementation of the Inclusive Paradigm. It was also concluded that the benefits of inclusion, are blurred as the education level progresses. Standing in a positive way, Early Childhood Educators and First Degree Teachers have more inclusive attitudes. Also, teachers from Second Degree to Secondary Degree has evidenced has being fairly homogeneous related to their attitudes towards the benefits of implementing a truly Inclusive Paradigm.

Evolving definition of sociomuseology : proposal for reflection

Sociomuseology expresses a considerable amount of the effort made to suit museological facilities to the conditions of contemporary society. The process of opening up the museum, as well as its organic relation with the social context that infuses it with life, has resulted in the need to structure and clarify the relations, notions and concepts that may define this process. Sociomuseology is thus a scientific field of teaching, research and performance which emphasizes the articulation of museology, in particular, with the areas of knowledge covered by Human Sciences, Development Studies, Services Science, and Urban and Rural Planning. The multidisciplinary approach of Sociomuseology aims to strengthen the acknowledgement of museology as a resource for the sustainable development of Humanity, based on equal opportunities as well as social and economic inclusion. Sociomuseology bases its social intervention on mankind’s cultural and natural heritage, both tangible and intangible. What characterizes Sociomuseology is not so much the nature of its premises and its goals, as is the case with other areas of knowledge, but the interdisciplinary focus which makes it draw on perfectly consolidated areas of knowledge and relate them with Museology itself.