A matter of fundamentals : sound and silence in the radio drama of Samuel Beckett

Samuel Beckett was arguably one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. Known for his stage plays, including the renowned En attendant Godot (1948), Beckett’s contribution to the field of radio drama is often overlooked. His corpus of radio dramas included some of the most innovativeradio works of the post-World War II period. For Beckett, radio drama was not exclusively verbocentric, for he always maintained that his work was “a matter of fundamental sounds (no joke intended) made as fully as possible” (Frost 362). His (radio) drama aesthetics defined a strict hierarchy of sound whereby the dramatist balances sound effects, music and the characters’ dialogue – and the use of silence. In this essay, I examine the juxtaposition of sound and silence in Samuel Beckett’s most influential radio dramas: All That Fall, Embers, Words and Music and Cascando. In the end, this essay will show that the sounds and silence employed in Beckett’s radio dramatic works were inextricably linked, which added to the overall meaning of his dramas.

''The Sound Sweep'' de J. G. Ballard e a memória do som

A memória auditiva é um misto de lembrança e de construção. É neste binómio que se jogam as nossas memorias áudio, quer as individuais, quer as coletivas. Este ensaio parte do conto de Ballard, The Sound Sweep, como forma de lançar estas questões. Em The Sound Sweep Ballard descreve-nos uma cantora de ópera aposentada que anseia pelo seu regresso aos palcos. A razão da sua decadência deve-se ao aparecimento de uma nova manifestação musical, a música ultrassónica. Madame Gioconda torna-se amiga de Mangon, um jovem mudo mas que ouve muito bem. Mangon tem por profissão ser uma espécie de limpador de sons. Opera uma máquina chamada sonovac que tem por função apagar todos os vestígios de sons antigos. Mangon, mais algumas pessoas do círculo de Madame Gioconda, montam a estratégia de organizar um espetáculo que será o seu regresso à atividade, espetáculo em que ela vai cantar mas não vai ser ouvida; o sonovac de Mangon estará lá para apagar qualquer vestígio de som sem que ela dê conta. Mas, à última hora, Mangon resolve destruir o seu sonovac e ela acaba por cantar... mal, muito mal, fazendo toda a gente sair da sala. A questão central a analisar é a da memória do som. Nesta ficção de Ballard há elementos interessantes que nos ajudam a refletir sobre esse tema. Parte-se da ficção de Ballard e lançam-se questões que estão bem presentes no universo real que habitamos. De certa forma, desenvolve-se também a questão de saber o que é que a ficção tem a ver com a realidade, sobretudo em termos de som e música.

Museums and quality, from the concept of the museum that carries out functions to the museum that provides services

Quality management Self-evaluation of the organisation Citizens/customers satisfaction Impact on society evaluation Key performance evaluation Good practices comparison (Benchmarking) Continuous improvement In professional environments, when quality assessment of museums is discussed, one immediately thinks of the honourableness of the directors and curators, the erudition and specialisation of knowledge, the diversity of the gathered material and study of the collections, the collections conservation methods and environmental control, the regularity and notoriety of the exhibitions and artists, the building’s architecture and site, the recreation of environments, the museographic equipment design. We admit that the roles and attributes listed above can contribute to the definition of a specificity of museological good practice within a hierarchised functional perspective (the museum functions) and for the classification of museums according to a scale, validated between peers, based on “installed” appreciation criteria, enforced from above downwards, according to the “prestige” of the products and of those who conceive them, but that say nothing about the effective satisfaction of the citizen/customers and the real impact on society. There is a lack of evaluation instruments that would give us a return of all that the museum is and represents in contemporary society, focused on being and on the relation with the other, in detriment of the ostentatious possession and of the doing in order to meet one’s duties. But it is only possible to evaluate something by measurement and comparison, on the basis of well defined criteria, from a common grid, implicating all of the actors in the self-evaluation, in the definition of the aims to fulfil and in the obtaining of results.

The light representation of religion and power in sound

The thematic and anathematic in music-making a reflection occurring after listening to an art song and a pop song from the 19th and 20th century Levantine music. Bach’s Orchestral Suites keep popping up, elegantly unveiling “the truth”.