A segurança estrutural na reabilitação de património habitacional composto por elementos pré-fabricados

Pretende-se no presente artigo analisar a segurança estrutural do tipo de edificações referido, durante o seu processo de reabilitação. Considerando a existência de três momentos diferentes – o período antecedente ao início dos trabalhos, o intervalo de tempo correspondente ao decurso dos trabalhos de reabilitação e o período posterior, correspondente à futura utilização do património, é sobre o segundo que incidirá a nossa análise, por ser aquele em que a estrutura se encontra mais fragilizada, implicando uma menor segurança estrutural, que tende a ser desvalorizada, por ter uma natureza temporária. Numa primeira fase descreve-se o existente, assim como as alterações arquitetónicas propostas. Posteriormente indicam-se os potenciais danos estruturais resultantes das alterações pretendidas e as principais medidas a considerar para os evitar. Numa fase posterior propõe-se a sequenciação dos trabalhos de modo a evitar um colapso parcial ou global e, por último, apresentam-se conclusões e sugerem-se desenvolvimentos futuros. / The present work seeks to present an analysis related to the structural safety of prefabricated buildings, referred above, associated it’s rehabilitation process. Considering the existence of three different moments – a first period before the beginning of the works, a second one correspondent to the rehabilitation procedures and a last one related with the future utilization of the patrimony, this article will focus on the second period, because during that gap of time, the structure is usually weakened, which implies a lower structural safety that tends to be ignored, due to its temporary nature. In a first moment, the existing construction is described, as well as the architectonical proposals. Afterwards, are referred the potential structural damages resultant of the architectonical proposals and the measures to implemented to prevent them. In the posterior phase we propose the work sequence, in order to avoid a partial or global collapse and, finally, we reach some conclusions and suggest other works to be developed in the future.

A segurança estrutural relacionada com a escavação sob fundações de edifícios pré-existentes

Pretende-se no presente artigo analisar a segurança estrutural de edificações condicionadas por escavações a um nível inferior ao das suas fundações. Considerando a existência de três momentos diferentes – o período antecedente ao início dos trabalhos, o intervalo de tempo correspondente ao decurso dos trabalhos de reabilitação e o período posterior, correspondente à futura utilização do património, é sobre o segundo que incidirá a nossa análise, por ser aquele em que a estrutura se encontra mais fragilizada, implicando uma menor segurança estrutural, que tende a ser desvalorizada, por ter uma natureza temporária. Numa primeira fase descreve-se o existente, assim como as intervenções propostas. Posteriormente indicam-se os potenciais danos estruturais resultantes das alterações pretendidas e as principais medidas a considerar para os evitar. Numa fase posterior propõe-se a sequenciação dos trabalhos de modo a evitar um colapso parcial ou global e, por último, apresentam-se conclusões e sugerem-se desenvolvimentos futuros. / The present work seeks to present an analysis related to the structural safety of buildings that are object of excavations at a lower level than their foundations. Considering the existence of three different moments – a first period before the beginning of the works, a second one correspondent to the rehabilitation procedures and a last one related with the future utilization of the patrimony, this article will focus on the second period, because during that gap of time, the structure is usually weakened, which implies a lower structural safety that tends to be ignored, due to its temporary nature. In the first phase, the existing construction is described, as well as the proposed interventions. Afterwards, are referred the potential structural damages resultant of the architectonical proposals and the measures to implemented to prevent them. In the posterior phase we propose the work sequence, in order to avoid a partial or global collapse and, finally, we reach some conclusions and suggest other works to be developed in the future.

The future of veterinarians in dairy herd health management

The future of the Veterinary Practice in Dairy Health Management has changed and will change more drastically from our point of view in the next years. The consumer’s pressure and the Media are more and more concerned about animal welfare, traceability of animal products and safety of products of animal origin. On the other hand the Farmers in Europe have to produce under strong rules (competing with other countries outside Europe), which are normally very expensive to put in practice, and the veterinarians should adapt their knowledge to the new challenges, because without their work and cooperation, dairy farming will have no future. In that sense, the old veterinary practice has to go in other ways, otherwise the Veterinarians will loose clients and the animal population in Europe will be reduced. The Dairy farmers will ask for support in other areas besides clinical: efficacy, management, welfare, profitability, nutrition, prophylaxis, economics, reproduction, environmental protection, grassland management, etc. Cattle practitioners should be able to give answers in several subjects and this sets the challenge to our profession - Veterinary preparation has to be very strong in single animal species, particularly in Dairy or beef cows. The cattle practitioner has to look beyond, but he should never forget that “the single animal” has to be looked at as one unit of the herd, which means that without a very good knowledge of the single animal he will be insufficiently prepared to solve herd problems, and the Herd is the sum of several animals. We all know that very often one single animal allows us to implement herd strategies and develop prophylactic programs. We are convinced that the veterinary profession, and in our case the Cattle Medicine should have the ability to evolve, otherwise the Veterinarian as we know him will miss the train in the next years.