museology and community development in the XXI Century

Each time more, museology professionals are confronted with terms such as community, social inequality, social inclusion and development in their quotidian. Be it in conferences, publications or museum programmes, these are increasingly recurrent terms which, in great part, translate the dynamics of a relationship between museology and community development that has been constructed since the late 60’s. Although it is not new, such relationship has gone through a major bloom in the early 90’s and arrives today as an emerging priority within the world of museology. A first glance on the subject reveals that very different approaches and forms of action share the efforts in endowing museology with a role in community development today. In addition, despite of its growing popularity, it seems to be some misunderstandings on what the work with community development requires and truly signifies, as can be pointed out in a number of assertions originated from the field of museology. Accompanying such a plural environment, discussions and disagreements about to what extend museology is able to claim a role in social change also mark its affairs with community development. People are faced, indeed, with a rather polemic and intricate scenario. To a great extend, language barriers hinder the exchange of information on current initiatives and previous experiences, as well as on the development of concepts, approaches and proposals. Lack of better interactions among the groups of museology professionals and social actors who carry out different works with community development also contributes to making the potential of museology as a resource for development more difficult to be visualised.

O trabalho em equipas docentes e o desenvolvimento da Educação Física

RESUMO: O sucesso das respostas aos novos desafios, exigências e expectativas que, nos dias de hoje, recaem sobre a escola, parece depender da concepção das estratégias organizacionais que globalmente a escola define, tendo em conta as características do contexto e das populações que serve. Depende por isso do modo como os actores chave se organizam e trabalham. Os modos de entender o trabalho docente em equipa prenunciam formas de entender a acção educativa e de conduzir a aprendizagem dos alunos. Tomando como ponto de partida as nossas experiências profissionais, este trabalho constitui uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de desenvolvimento da Educação Física, baseada na escola e sustentada na organização do trabalho dos seus professores. Elaborando uma síntese dos principais problemas do seu desenvolvimento discutem-se as possibilidades e as vantagens da organização do trabalho dos professores em equipas, num contexto organizacional marcado por avanços e retrocessos nos processos de descentralização e atribuição de autonomia às escolas. Enquadra-se a organização do trabalho docente no âmbito das culturas de escola. Revisita-se o conceito de trabalho em equipa, distinguindo-o da simples participação nas estruturas da escola, realçando a sua importância na construção e gestão de conhecimento profissional através do estabelecimento de parcerias sinérgicas, onde o desempenho de papéis de liderança tem uma enorme importância. ABSTRACT: Successful responses to the new challenges, demands and expectations that currently are ascribed to schools seem to depend on the design of organizational strategies that broadly define the school, taking into account the characteristics of its context and the population it serves. Therefore, their success depends on how the key players are organized and work. The ways of perceiving the teaching team work forecast the ways of understanding the educational activity and how to lead learning. Starting from our own professional experience, this study is a reflection on the school based development of physical education, sustained by the organization of their teachers’ work. On organizing a summary of the major problems found in the development of this subject, we discuss the feasibilities and the gains got from the organization of teachers' teamwork, in an organizational context marked by promises and setbacks in the processes of decentralization and schools autonomy. The organization of teaching is to be seen as part of the school culture. We review the concept of teamwork as distinct from mere participation in the structures of the school, and its importance in the construction and management of professional knowledge will be highlighted by the establishment of synergistic partnerships, in which the performance of leadership roles is of the greatest importance. RÉSUMÉ: Le succès des réponses aux nouveaux défis, les exigences et les attentes que dans ces jours, s’accomplissent sur l'école, semble dépendre de la conception des stratégies d'organisation qui définit de façon générale l'école, en tenant compte des caractéristiques du contexte et des populations qu'elle dessert. Tout cela dépend donc de la façon dont les acteurs principaux sont organisés et travaillent. Les façons de comprendre l'équipe pédagogique démontrent des formes de comprendre l'activité éducative et de conduire à l'apprentissage des élèves. En prenant comme point de départ nos expériences professionnelles, ce travail est une réflexion sur le potentiel de développement de l'Éducation Physique, dépendante de l'école et soutenue dans l'organisation du travail de leurs enseignants. En préparant une synthèse des principaux problèmes de leur développement, on discute les possibilités et les avantages de l'organisation du travail des enseignants dans les équipes, dans un contexte organisationnel marqué par des avancées et des reculs dans le processus de décentralisation et l'accomplissement de l'autonomie aux écoles. On encadre l'organisation du travail des enseignants dans le champ des cultures de l’école. On revoit le concept du travail en équipe, en le distinguant de la simple participation dans les structures de l'école, en soulignant son importance dans la construction et gestion des connaissances professionnelles à travers l'établissement de partenariats synergiques, où les rôles de leadership joue un rôle d'une grande importance.