The dialectic of silence and remembrance in Lily Brett’s ''Things could be worse''

The dynamics of silence and remembrance in Australian writer Lily Brett’s autobiographic fiction Things Could Be Worse reflects the crisis of memory and understanding experienced by both first and second-generation Holocaust survivors within the diasporic space of contemporary Australia. It leads to issues of handling traumatic and transgenerational memory, the latter also known as postmemory (M. Hirsch), in the long aftermath of atrocities, and problematises the role of forgetting in shielding displaced identities against total dissolution of the self. This paper explores the mechanisms of remembrance and forgetting in L. Brett’s narrative by mainly focusing on two female characters, mother and daughter, whose coming to terms with (the necessary) silence, on the one hand, and articulated memories, on the other, reflects different modes of comprehending and eventually coping with individual trauma. By differentiating between several types of silence encountered in Brett’s prose (that of the voiceless victims, of survivors and their offspring, respectively), I argue that silence can equally voice and hush traumatic experience, that it is never empty, but invested with individual and collective meaning. Essentially, I contend that beside the (self-)damaging effects of silence, there are also beneficial consequences of it, in that it plays a crucial role in emplacing the displaced, rebuilding their shattered self, and contributing to their reintegration, survival and even partial healing.

Panchayati Raj em Goa

Goa commemorated in 2011 the golden jubilee of the end of colonialism (19 December 1961) and the beginning of its participation in the democratic institutions of India. The administrative decentralization known as Panchayati Raj is an ancient tradition in India, but it suffered dilution and breaks during centuries of Muslim and British domination. During the early years of Independence, the Union government was more worried about security concerns, and hence the policies of centralization. However, the second five-year plan and during the decades of 50 and 60 one could notice greater openness towards decentralization. This was done through Constitution Amendment Act nº 73 (1992) and the inclusion of article 243 in Part IX of the Constitution. The present essay seeks to clarify how the Panchayati Raj is the key to the success of the Indian democracy in the context of its demographic magnitude and ethnic, religious and linguistic diversities. Obviously, the challenges persist, but a country like India would be ungovernable without a democratic functionality at its bottom. It would be interesting to reflect and discover if Portugal has anything to benefit from the democratic experience of India and one of the fast growing emergent economies of the world.

Museum training to develop the social awareness of cultural identity in a time of universalization

The main theme of the ICTOP'94 Lisbon meeting is museum personnel training for the universal museum. At the very beginning it is important to identify what the notion universal museum can cover. It is necessary to underline the ambiguity of the term. On the one hand, the word 'universal' can be taken to refer to the variety of collected museum materials or museum collections, on the other hand it could refer to the efforts of the museum to be active outside the museum walls in order to achieve the integration of the heritage of a certain territory into a museological system. 'Universal' could also refer to the "new dimensions of reality: the fantastic reality of the virtual images, only existing in the human brain" (Scheiner 1994:7), which is very close to M. McLuhan's view of the world as a 'global village'. Thus, what is universal could be taken as being common and available to all the people of the world. 'Universal' can imply also the radical broadening of the concept of object: "mountain, silex, frog, waterfonts, stars, the moon ... everything is an object, with due fluctuations" (Hainard in Scheiner 1994: 7), which will cause the total involvement of the human being into his/her physical and spiritual environment. In the process of universalization, links between cultural and natural heritage and their links with human beings become more solid, helping to create a strong mutual interdependence.

A utilização da biblioterapia em contexto de biblioteca escolar no apoio a crianças com perturbações físicas e emocionais : criação de um modelo aplicacional

Este trabalho de investigação resulta de uma preocupação pedagógica que nos acompanha, a de proporcionar aos alunos ambientes propiciadores de experiências vicárias, promotoras da autonomia pessoal, apoiadas na leitura e no diálogo interpretativo. Parte-se de uma exaustiva revisão de literatura sobre a história da Biblioterapia, a evolução do conceito e as suas potencialidades na promoção da inteligência emocional de crianças saudáveis e/ou portadoras de perturbações físicas ou emocionais e no desenvolvimento de mecanismos de coping2 e empowerment3 a mobilizar no enfrentamento das suas narrativas problemáticas, aproveitando os recursos biblioteconómicos, o espaço físico e o ambiente informal de aprendizagem na Biblioteca Escolar. A investigação realizada levou-nos a uma análise da arquitetura de diversos modelos de aplicação e, subsequentemente, a uma proposta de um modelo aplicacional, eclético, de matriz educacional, para implementação de programas de intervenção biblioterapêutica, em contexto de Biblioteca Escolar, explicativo das fases que concorrem para a sua corporeidade.

A problemática jurídica da detenção de requerentes de asilo e imigrantes irregulares na Europa e em Portugal : eventuais alternativas à detenção

A problemática jurídica da detenção de requerentes de asilo e de imigrantes irregulares assume uma especial relevância no período da nossa história coletiva, em que o fenómeno migratório, em pleno século XXI (século do movimento dos povos)tenderá cada vez mais a condicionar e a pulverizar as políticas públicas estaduais e supra estaduais. Como fenómeno político, económico, social, religioso e cultural, o fenómeno migratório, goste-se mais ou menos dele, aborde-se de forma mais generalizada ou mais pormenorizada, vai quase obrigatoriamente ter de estar nas prioridades políticas, legislativas e jurídicas dos Estados europeus e também ao nível das Instituições da União Europeia. Muito do futuro da Europa e de Portugal está umbilicalmente associado, política e juridicamente, à forma como souberem trabalhar a imigração em cada uma das suas múltiplas variáveis. Desde logo, dedicando especial atenção a variáveis, como o envelhecimento populacional e as taxas de fecundidade e natalidade, entre muitas outras. Fiel ao seu passado coletivo, faz sentido que a Europa e Portugal da diversidade, da tolerância, do respeito pelos direitos humanos, mesmo em momentos de crise económica e social, como o que vivemos atualmente, não deverão transigir nos seus princípios humanistas e de influência cristã.

The Experience of the Religious through Silent Moving Image and the Silence of Bill Viola's Passions

With the creationof the moving image at the end of the 19th century a new way of representing and expressing the Religious was born. The cinema industry rapidly understood that film has a powerful way to attract new audiences and transformed the explicit religious message into an implicit theological discourse of the fictional film. Today, the concept of "cinema" needs to be rethought and expanded, as well as the notion of "tTranscendental" since the strong reality effect of the film can allow a true religious experience for the spectator.

Between “incidents of intolerance” and “massacre” : British interpretations of the early Modern Polish religious persecution

Este ensaio analisa o modo como as vias através das quais a razão humana, definida como um instrumento para eliminar os obstáculos da existência, na deriva da civilização resultaram frequentemente em “eliminações racionais” dos potenciais inimigos e de pessoas comuns.O autor realça esses processo desumanos com base em vários exemplos da história moderna. Começa com a Revolução Francesa até chegar ao século XX com a experiência devastadora dos totalitarismo, acabando por lembrar os massacres do Ruanda.