Desenvolvimento, testes e qualidade de software

RESUMO: Hoje em dia o software tornou-se num elemento útil na vida das pessoas e das empresas. Existe cada vez mais a necessidade de utilização de aplicações de qualidade, com o objectivo das empresas se diferenciarem no mercado. As empresas produtoras de software procuram aumentar a qualidade nos seus processos de desenvolvimento, com o objectivo de garantir a qualidade do produto final. A dimensão e complexidade do software aumentam a probabilidade do aparecimento de não-conformidades nestes produtos, resultando daí o interesse pela actividade de testes de software ao longo de todo o seu processo de concepção, desenvolvimento e manutenção. Muitos projectos de desenvolvimento de software são entregues com atraso por se verificar que na data prevista para a sua conclusão não têm um desempenho satisfatório ou por não serem confiáveis, ou ainda por serem difíceis de manter. Um bom planeamento das actividades de produção de software significa usualmente um aumento da eficiência de todo o processo produtivo, pois poderá diminuir a quantidade de defeitos e os custos que decorrem da sua correcção, aumentando a confiança na utilização do software e a facilidade da sua operação e manutenção. Assim se reconhece a importância da adopção de boas práticas no desenvolvimento do software. Para isso deve-se utilizar uma abordagem sistemática e organizada com o intuito de produzir software de qualidade. Esta tese descreve os principais modelos de desenvolvimento de software, a importância da engenharia dos requisitos, os processos de testes e principais validações da qualidade de software e como algumas empresas utilizam estes princípios no seu dia-a-dia, com o intuito de produzir um produto final mais fiável. Descreve ainda alguns exemplos como complemento ao contexto da tese. ABSTRACT: Nowadays the software has become a useful element in people's lives and it is increasingly a need for the use of quality applications from companies in order to differentiate in the market. The producers of software increase quality in their development processes, in order to ensuring final product quality. The complexity and size of software, increases the probability of the emergence of non-conformities in these products, this reason increases of interest in the business of testing software throughout the process design, development and maintenance. Many software development projects are postpone because in the date for delivered it’s has not performed satisfactorily, not to be trusted, or because it’s harder to maintain. A good planning of software production activities, usually means an increase in the efficiency of all production process, because it can decrease the number of defects and the costs of it’s correction, increasing the reliability of software in use, and make it easy to operate and maintenance. In this manner, it’s recognized the importance of adopting best practices in software development. To produce quality software, a systematic and organized approach must be used. This thesis describes the main models of software development, the importance of requirements engineering, testing processes and key validation of software quality and how some companies use these principles daily, in order to produce a final product more reliable. It also describes some examples in addition to the context of this thesis.

As Narrativas Biográficas e as metodologias de investigação-acção sobre a memória e o esquecimento

The integration of Biographical Knowledge in research processes is a methodological proposal of critical empiricism that shifts the center of production of knowledge to the referred research objects. We try to show how Biographical Narratives can allow bypassing the locks and the deviations from real observation by the researcher, and focus his work on the actors in process. In the critique of the Eurocentric paradigm and its production of hegemonic scientific papers presentations and speaches, by Bonaventura Sousa Santos (Santos, 2000), proposes the "south epistemologies" as a research process and the inclusion of knowledge of actors as the research field. In the article, we will try to look at the production process of biographical narratives, using the tools of south epistemological proposal. We start with reviewing the methodologies, working on biographical objects, then we will present the preliminary studies and research that has been ongoing in several communities in southern Mozambique, in Djabula Community Centre. These results should be completed with other field works, as we open as a collaborative process discussion on African Studies community. We expect the project to be completed in the coming months, aiming towards the proposal of a "House of memories", in order to develop with the local population through articles, stories, sounds and dances that are selected and will support the chosen narratives by the community. The projects created with local players, from their problems will allow a rapprochement and dialogue between different kinds of knowledge."

As Narrativas Biográficas e as metodologias de investigação-acção sobre a memória e o esquecimento

The integration of Biographical Knowledge in research processes is a methodological proposal of critical empiricism that shifts the center of production of knowledge to the referred research objects. We try to show how Biographical Narratives can allow bypassing the locks and the deviations from real observation by the researcher, and focus his work on the actors in process. In the critique of the Eurocentric paradigm and its production of hegemonic scientific papers presentations and speaches, by Bonaventura Sousa Santos (Santos, 2000), proposes the "south epistemologies" as a research process and the inclusion of knowledge of actors as the research field. In the article, we will try to look at the production process of biographical narratives, using the tools of south epistemological proposal. We start with reviewing the methodologies, working on biographical objects, then we will present the preliminary studies and research that has been ongoing in several communities in southern Mozambique, in Djabula Community Centre. These results should be completed with other field works, as we open as a collaborative process discussion on African Studies community. We expect the project to be completed in the coming months, aiming towards the proposal of a "House of memories", in order to develop with the local population through articles, stories, sounds and dances that are selected and will support the chosen narratives by the community. The projects created with local players, from their problems will allow a rapprochement and dialogue between different kinds of knowledge."

«No Logo», ou os problemas da globalização : a propósito do livro de Naomi Klein

Partindo de uma análise da obra de Naomi Klein, no essencial, trata-se, neste ensaio, de compreender em profundidade a forma que assumiu a globalização do ponto de vista da economia, do processo produtivo, do consumo e da envolvência cultural, ou hegemonia da marca, e os efeitos que este fenómeno está a induzir nas sociedades desenvolvidas, num mundo onde as multinacionais já detêm mais poder económico, social e cultural que os próprios Estados nacionais.