The Pedagogical Congresses of Portuguese Secondary Teaching : the participation of female teachers (1927-1928)

This paper was written within the context of the research project “The development of teacher’ associative organizations and unionism (1889-1990)” funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Foundation for Science and Technology). Five important congresses about secondary education were organized in Portugal between 1927 and 1931. These congresses served to claim the rights of teachers and the consolidation of the class, as well as to promote the discussion of scientific and pedagogical problems. In these congresses, the presence of female teachers was residual. However, the few teachers who participated had a significant contribution to the definition of secondary education during the following decades. Among other issues, it contributed to the discussion of female education and to analyze the importance of Biology and Physical Education in high schools. This paper presents the analysis of the minutes of the 1927s and 1928s Congresses. This analysis allowed the assessment of the important role played by a group of teachers to define, at the end of the first third of the 20th century, the future guidelines of Portuguese secondary education. It also reported that these teachers were pioneers who opened the way for the increasing number of teachers in secondary education during the 20th century.

Imagens do quotidiano escolar: uma análise das fotografias de práticas escolares publicadas no Relatório Intendencial de 1928, do governo de Augusto Simões Lopes (1924-1298)

O presente artigo realizou a análise das fotografias de temática do quotidiano escolar, produzidas no governo de Augusto Simões Lopes, intendente municipal da cidade de Pelotas, Brasil, durante os anos de 1924 e 1928. Para a realização desta pesquisa foram utilizados o Relatório Intendencial de 1928, jornais da época, como o Diário Popular, o Libertador e a Opinião Pública, o Almanach de Pelotas e a Revista Illustração Pelotense. Como referencial teóricometodológico, utilizou-se a Nova História Cultural, além de buscar pesquisadores que utilizam imagens em seus trabalhos, como Borges, Leite e Ciavatta. Através da análise das fontes, conclui-se que as imagens foram uma forma de propaganda governista, utilizada pelo então intendente, embora de forma complementar às imagens de prédios escolares, além disso, a análise permite o conhecimento de práticas escolares e formas de assistência aos alunos na década de 1920.