Social exclusion: practice and fear of exile (degredo) in Portuguese history

Vejo a sociedade portuguesa como sendo naturalmente inclusiva. Quero dizer que esta parece ser uma tend��ncia mais forte do que, por exemplo, no meu pa��s, nos Estados Unidos da Am��rica. Isto poder�� explicar porque o degredo era e���caz e era muito temido. D�� para entender tamb��m os longos per��odos de degredo em substitui����o de pena capital em Portugal. Segundo as estimativas do autor, pelo menos 50,000 portugueses foram deslocados para dentro e fora de Portugal continental entre 1550-1755. O n��mero era muito significativo na segunda metade do s��culo XVIII. O n��mero dos degredados foi ainda maior no s��culo XIX.

New source-material for the socio-economic history of the Hindus of Goa

The Mhamai brothers were the suppliers of daily commodities / stationery to the viceroys / governors of Goa. Since late 18th century their agency house worked in partnership with several other trading houses all over the west coast of India. They also served as brokers for the French East India company in Goa during the critical period of anglo-french wars. The Mhamais were also revenue farmers, particularly customs and tobacco tax farming. I had the privilege of taking their family archives to the Xavier Centre of Historical Research in 1979 and making the history of the family known worldwide.

Christianity in history: Postcolonial perspective

Historians have successfully pointed to new ways of re-writing Christianity���s history.

Goa: A history of many liberations

The Portuguese will not to be the last in the series of foreigners who sought to make Goa their home. The developments of the past fifty years need to be observed and analysed to understand the trend that will make the so-called ��post-liberation�� history of Goa. Goa���s history should be more dispassionately viewed as made up of many ��liberations��, and more may follow.