Metamorfoses em espelho de água : identidade, perfil, contextos e mudança nas (auto)representações dos professores

RESUMO: Nos últimos trinta anos, em Portugal, ocorreram processos de democratização política e de modernização da sociedade e das instituições, tendo como impulso as vontades nacionais e as mudanças ocorridas no Mundo em globalização, lideradas, no campo da educação, por agentes como a OCDE ou o Banco Mundial, e pela integração de Portugal na União Europeia. À implementação da(s) reforma(s), correspondeu uma mudança de paradigma educativo e organizacional, a criação de uma escola para todos, a emergência de novos alunos e de novos mandatos à Escola, a contingência de novas respostas educativas. Tais reformas constituiram instrumentos de mudança das organizações escolares e do sistema educativo, mas também do que significa ser professor, reformulando o desempenho e a “performatividade” docente (Ball, 2002), induzindo uma nova “identidade social” (Bernstein, 1996 e Dubar, 2006), produzindo novos modos de “fabricação da alma dos professores” (Foucault, 1996). Neste sentido, a autora procurou analisar, numa perspectiva crítica, as representações de professores do Ensino Básico, sobre os mecanismos de (re)configuração das suas identidades/perfis profissionais, recorrendo a uma investigação qualitativa descritiva, que privilegia a análise de conteúdo dos seus discursos sobre o tema, recolhidos segundo a técnica focus group. O estudo indiciou que os alunos são factor de realização, de risco e de mudança do perfil docente, actuando como uma quinta dimensão da (re)construção identitária dos Professores, a par da formação, do associativismo, do Estado e do Mercado, constituindo factor importante a ter em conta nos estudos sobre identidade docente. ABSTRACT: In the past thirty years, in Portugal, radical changes on politics and policies have been occurring, to achive the society and its institutions democratization and modernization, led by national wills and the changes occured in the World, stimulated, in the Education area, by global agencies like OECD, or the World Bank, and the integration of Portugal in the European Union. These reforms are connected to a new educational and organizational paradigm, the creation of a school for all, the emergence of new pupils, new demands to School and teachers, the imperative of new pedagogical solutions for educational problems, and are not only changing instruments in schools and in the educational system, but are also a powerful way to change “what to be a teacher” means, to re-formulate the teaching performance and “performativity” (Ball, 2002), to recompose his/her “social identity” (Bernstein, 1996; Dubar, 2006), or, in Michel Foucault (1996) words, to produce “new ways to manufacture teachers soul”. In this sense, the author intended to analyze, on a critical perspective, the representations of portuguese teachers of basic education (K12), on the mechanisms of (re)configuration of their professional identities/profiles, appealing to a qualitative descriptive research, which privileges the analysis of content of their speeches on the subject, collected according to the focus group technique, what, in its development, was brought near a circle of culture (in the sense of Paulo Freire‟s pedagogy). At least, pupils are the most important references and motivation to teachers changes, reflecting professional satisfaction and well done, but also risk, acting like a fifth dimension of teachers identity (re)construction, together with training, associative involvement, State and Market, and they must be considered on teatching identity studies.

Systems thinking: learning or driving?

The ability to foresee how behaviour of a system arises from the interaction of its components over time - i.e. its dynamic complexity – is seen an important ability to take effective decisions in our turbulent world. Dynamic complexity emerges frequently from interrelated simple structures, such as stocks and flows, feedbacks and delays (Forrester, 1961). Common sense assumes an intuitive understanding of their dynamic behaviour. However, recent researches have pointed to a persistent and systematic error in people understanding of those building blocks of complex systems. This paper describes an empirical study concerning the native ability to understand systems thinking concepts. Two different groups - one, academic, the other, professional – submitted to four tasks, proposed by Sweeney and Sterman (2000) and Sterman (2002). The results confirm a poor intuitive understanding of the basic systems concepts, even when subjects have background in mathematics and sciences.

Systems thinking: learning or driving?

The ability to foresee how behaviour of a system arises from the interaction of its components over time - i.e. its dynamic complexity – is seen an important ability to take effective decisions in our turbulent world. Dynamic complexity emerges frequently from interrelated simple structures, such as stocks and flows, feedbacks and delays (Forrester, 1961). Common sense assumes an intuitive understanding of their dynamic behaviour. However, recent researches have pointed to a persistent and systematic error in people understanding of those building blocks of complex systems. This paper describes an empirical study concerning the native ability to understand systems thinking concepts. Two different groups - one, academic, the other, professional – submitted to four tasks, proposed by Sweeney and Sterman (2000) and Sterman (2002). The results confirm a poor intuitive understanding of the basic systems concepts, even when subjects have background in mathematics and sciences.

Implementação do modelo de gestão estratégica baseado no "Balenced Scorecard" numa empresa interbancária de Serviços de Angola

RESUMO: Com a constante evolução das novas tecnologias de informação, as organizações têm necessidade de implementar novas ferramentas de gestão de forma a gerar vantagens competitivas, é neste sentido que esta dissertação visa propor a implementação do Modelo de Gestão estratégica baseado no Balanced Scorecard numa Empresa Interbancária de Serviços, com o objectivo de auxiliar na criação de capacidades competitivas, mediante uma avaliação de desempenho mais precisa e estruturada. Esta ferramenta surgiu como alternativa aos sistemas antigos e tradicionais cujo objectivo consistia no controlo das actividades realizadas pelos funcionários, sendo que esta metodologia veio colocar a estratégia no centro das atenções e não somente o controlo, mas só em 1992 é que ela foi reconhecida como um processo revolucionário que alterava todo o processo de gestão padrão nas empresas. Nesta dissertação ira se abordar alguns conceitos desta metodologia, enfatizando, o Mapa de Estratégia, vantagens pela obtenção desta metodologia; e um estudo prático da aplicação do Modelo de Gestão Estratégica na EMIS. Por fim, é de realçar que a grande importância que as empresas têm vindo a atribuir a esta metodologia e a investir nela, garante a sua relevância como tema de pesquisa num futuro próximo. ABSTRACT: With the constant development of new information technologies, organizations need to implement new management tools in order to generate competitive advantages, in this sense this thesis aims to propose the implementation of the Strategic Management Model based on Balanced Scorecard in a Company Interbank services with the aim of assisting in the creation of competitive capabilities through a performance assessment more precise and structured. This tool has emerged as an alternative to traditional legacy systems and was aimed at controlling the activities performed by employees, the methodology that has put the strategy in the spotlight instead of control, but not until 1992 was it recognized as a revolutionary process that changed the entire standard management process in companies. In this dissertation we discuss concepts of this methodology, emphasizing the strategic map for obtaining advantages from it, and a practical application of Strategic Management Model in EMIS. Finally, it is noteworthy that the great importance that companies have been giving to this methodology and the investment they have been doing on it, guarantees its relevance as a research subject in the near future.