A arquitectura bioclimática mediterrânica : um equilíbrio entre duas estações

A particularidade do clima mediterrânico traduz-se num Inverno frio, embora não muito rigoroso e num Verão muito quente mas relativamente curto. As habitações têm por norma serem concebidas face aos climas predominantes, sendo nos casos mediterrânicos obrigadas a satisfazer simultaneamente as necessidades de Inverno e de Verão. A Arquitectura Bioclimática só adquire significado conhecendo-se plenamente o clima em questão; deste modo, há que encontrar um equilíbrio entre as amplitudes térmicas. É neste equilíbrio/consenso que se definem os princípios bioclimáticos, nas boas e más opções de concepção e construção, nas cedências e aquisições de energia para que se atinja uma temperatura confortável e qualidade do ar interior na habitação. Estas questões não se relacionam primariamente com a Ecologia, mas com a eficiência energética e a habitabilidade dos edifícios de modo a promover o bem-estar da pessoa.

The dark side of the Mediterranean : expression of fear from the inquisition to the present

Inside the stones of its most famous buildings, Évora keeps mysteries and secrets which constitute the most hidden side of its cultural identity. A World Heritage site, this town seems to preserve, in its medieval walls, a precious knowledge of the most universal and ancient human emotion: fear. Trying to transcend many of its past and future fears, some of its historical monuments in Gothic style were erected against the fear of death, the most terrible of all fears, which the famous inscription, in the Bones Chapel of the Church of São Francisco, insistently reminds us, through the most disturbing words: “Nós ossos que aqui estamos pelos vossos esperamos”. If the first inquisitors worked in central Europe (Germany, northern Italy, eastern France), later the centres of the Inquisition were established in the Mediterranean regions, especially southern France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Consequently, the roots of fear in Évora are common to other towns, where the Inquisition developed a culture of fear, through which we can penetrate into the dark side of the Mediterranean, where people were subjected to the same terrifying methods of persecution and torture. This common geographical and historical context was not ignored by one of the most famous masters of American gothic fiction, Edgar Allan Poe. Through the pages of The Pit and the Pendulum, readers get precise images of the fearful instruments of terror that were able to produce the legend that has made the first grand inquisitor, Tomas de Torquemada, a symbol of ultimate cruelty, bigotry, intolerance, and religious fanaticism, which unfortunately are still the source of our present fears in a time when religious beliefs can be used again as a motif of war and destruction. As Krishnamurti once suggested, only a fundamental realization of the root of all fear can free our minds.