As práticas de ensino de matemática desenvolvidas por educadores do 4º e 5º Ano do Ensino Fundamental : factores que favorecem a aquisição de competências nos educandos

O presente trabalho de pesquisa visa Identificar as práticas de ensino de Matemática desenvolvidas por educadores do 4º e 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental que favoreçam a construção de habilidades e competências em seus educandos. Questões relacionadas com o baixo desempenho, má fama da disciplina, a abordagem superficial e mecânica realizada pela escola, são aspectos considerados relevantes que possibilitam ampliar conhecimentos no ensino de Matemática que cronologicamente passa por transformações. Nesta perspectiva, o referido estudo, questiona: quais os fatores que emergem da prática do ensino da Matemática, desenvolvida por educadores do 4º e 5º ano do Ensino fundamental, que favorecem a aquisição de habilidades e competências nos educandos e como os docentes percebem a importância dos fatores identificados? A pesquisa tem como instrumentos para coleta de dados: observação direta e questionário com educadores. Para trabalhar o tema proposto, utilizaremos um diálogo entre diversos autores como: D’Ambrosio (2005), Caraça (1978), Carraher (1993), Bandura (2008) e Perrenoud (1997). As conclusões demonstraram ainda que o ensino da Matemática deve ser trabalhado no contexto da realidade dos educandos. Assim, constatou-se que suas tendências atuais vão em direção de buscar a vinculação prática entre o que ocorre na sala de aula e fora dela.

Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical features of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis

Aims:To analyze the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with adult polycystic kidney disease admitted to hemodialysis services in Northwestern Paraná state,Brazil. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and retrospective longitudinal study. Medical records of patients with polycystic kidneys who initiated hemodialysis between 1995 and 2012, in four centers that treat patients of the coverage area of the 15th Regional Health Region of Paraná state where analyzed. Results:We found that 10.3% of hemodialysis patients had polycystic kidney disease as a leading cause of stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. The mean age of patients was 54.9±9.4 years (ranging between 27 and 74 years), with equal gender distribution and Caucasian predominance (72.9%). The average age of dialysis initiation was 50±10.2 years. The most common comorbidity was systemic hypertension (66.7%). Liver cyst was the main extra-renal manifestation (10.4%). Twenty-five percent of the patients required renal transplantation, and (22.9%) undergone nephrectomy. The most widely used classes of antihypertensive drugs were β-blockers (41.7%) and drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system (31.3%), while 56.3% of patients were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Conclusions:This is a pioneering epidemiological study in Northwestern Paraná state. We found in this population a sociodemographic and clinical profile of adult polycystic kidney disease similar to that of North America and Europe, probably because the ethnic constitution of the sample was predominantly of Euro-descendants.

A orientação homossexual e as investigações acerca da existência de componentes biológicos e genéticos determinantes; The homosexual orientation and investigations about the existence of components biological and genetics determinants

The male and female homosexual orientation has substantial prevalence in humans and can be explained by determinants of various levels: biological, genetic, psychological, social and cultural. However, the biological and genetic evidence have been the main hypotheses tested in scientific research in the world. This article aims to review research studies about the existence of genetic and biological evidence that determine homosexual orientation. Was conducted a review of the literature, using the database MedLine/PubMed and Google scholar. The papers and books were searched in Portuguese and English, using the following keywords: sexual orientation, sexual behavior, homosexuality, developmental Biology and genetics. Was selected papers of the last 22 years. Were found five main theories about the biological components: (1) fraternal birth order, (2) brain androgenization and 2D:4D ratio; (3) brain activation by pheromones; and (4) epigenetic inheritance; and four theories about the genetic components: (1) genetic polymorphism; (2) pattern of X-linked inheritance; (3) monozygotic twins; and (4) sexual antagonistic selection. Concluded that there were many scientific evidence found over time to explain some of biological and genetic components of homosexuality, especially in males. However, today, there is no definitive explanation about what are the determinants of homosexual orientation components.

Manual de Normas : documentando os acervos africanos (Tradução)

Tradução para português de “Handbook of Standards. Documenting African Collections” International Council of African Museums AFRICOM & International Committee for Documentation (CIDOC) - ICOM / Culturália / TERCUD-ULHT. A tradução para português do “Manual de Normas – Documentando Acervos Africanos” o qual foi em boa hora realizado pelo AFRICOM – Conselho Internacional dos Museus Africanos, vem facilitar a imensa tarefa dos Museus dos países de língua portuguesa em favor da defesa e da valorização dos patrimónios culturais em particular no domínio da Documentação Museológica. Trata-se de disponibilizar um importante recurso de trabalho destinado a apoiar, tanto os museus existentes á data da Independência, como aqueles que desde então foram criados, não só nas grandes cidades mas também nos municípios mais afastados e com menos recursos. No momento em que se edita este manual, importa prestar a devida homenagem a todos aqueles, profissionais de museologia e amigos dos museus, que durante os muitos anos de guerra civil souberam manter esses museus abertos e salvaguardar suas colecções em condições de extrema dificuldade, contra a violência daqueles que tentaram impedir por todos os meios que Angola, Moçambique e mais tarde a Guiné-Bissau, seguissem o caminho da paz e do progresso após a Independência. Este manual ajudará, certamente, à organização, o controlo e à gestão das coleções que sempre ocuparão um lugar central nos Museus, quer se trate de Museus mais tradicionais ou de Museus mais envolvidos com o desenvolvimento local e nos quais as colecções são, sobretudo, um referencial de identidade e uma razão para criar parcerias e redes para a paz e o progresso da inclusão social.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients in southern Brazil

Introduction: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common hereditary renal disease in humans. Objective: To examine the prevalence, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with polycystic kidneys and relate disease manifestations by gender. Methods: This was an observational and retrospective study. All the medical records of patients with polycystic kidneys who initiated hemodialysis between 1995 and 2012, in four centers that treat patients of the coverage area of the 15th regional health Paraná (Brazil), were analyzed. Results: The study included 48 patients with polycystic kidneys, the primary cause of stage 5 CKD. Disease prevalence was one in 10,912 people. The average age of dialysis initiation was 50.7 years and the follow-up time on dialysis until transplantation (36.5 months) was lower among men. Hypertension was the most frequent diagnosis in 73% of patients, predominantly in women (51.4%). The liver cyst was the most frequent extrarenal manifestations in men (60.0%). The death occurred in 10.4% of patients using hemodialysis, and 60% of men. The class of antihypertensive drug used was that acts on the renin-angiotensin system with higher frequency of use among women (53.3%). The post-dialysis urea was significantly higher in men. Conclusion: The prevalence of the disease is low among hemodialysis patients in southern Brazil. The differences observed between genders, with the exception of the post-dialysis urea, were not significant. The findings are different from those reported in North America and Europe.