The Pedagogical Congresses of Portuguese Secondary Teaching : the participation of female teachers (1927-1928)

This paper was written within the context of the research project “The development of teacher’ associative organizations and unionism (1889-1990)” funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Foundation for Science and Technology). Five important congresses about secondary education were organized in Portugal between 1927 and 1931. These congresses served to claim the rights of teachers and the consolidation of the class, as well as to promote the discussion of scientific and pedagogical problems. In these congresses, the presence of female teachers was residual. However, the few teachers who participated had a significant contribution to the definition of secondary education during the following decades. Among other issues, it contributed to the discussion of female education and to analyze the importance of Biology and Physical Education in high schools. This paper presents the analysis of the minutes of the 1927s and 1928s Congresses. This analysis allowed the assessment of the important role played by a group of teachers to define, at the end of the first third of the 20th century, the future guidelines of Portuguese secondary education. It also reported that these teachers were pioneers who opened the way for the increasing number of teachers in secondary education during the 20th century.

Appeal to the Universities for the development of Teaching and Research in the areas of Urban Planning in the CPLP countries

Work document prepared at the Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias in its role as Consulting Observer attributed by the Council of Ministers of the CPLP gathered in Bissau for the 11th General Meeting on 16. and 17. July, 2006.

Escola Mãe Hilda: um estudo sobre a pedagogia da (re)construção da identidade negra

RESUMO: Objetivo - apresentar o contributo da Escola Mãe Hilda para a afirmação da identidade afro-brasileira na população estudantil da Cidade do Salvador. Especificamente: a) conhecer os fundamentos pedagógicos-curricular da Escola Mãe Hilda; b) analisar os materiais didáticos utilizados pela Escola Mãe Hilda; c) apresentar as metodologias de trabalho da Escola Mãe Hilda. Metodologia - quanto ao percurso metodológico, em razão da questão básica desta dissertação, optou-se por realizar pesquisa qualitativa de natureza etnográfica, envolvendo uma abordagem empírica voltada para a abordagem de distúrbios identitários, em suas diversas dimensões na auto-estima de afro-descendentes. Foram estudados aspectos que envolvem o currículo, a sala de aula e atividades a que estão expostas as crianças da Escola Mãe Hilda. Resultados - examinando- se os conteúdos dos Cadernos de Educação do Ilê Aiyê como proposta pedagógica da Escola Mãe Hilda, observou- se que seus fudamentos dão ressignificação aos alunos, em termos de superação de distúrbios identitários, isto é , proporcionar o desenvolvimento e construção da identidade negra naqueles afro-descendentes, devido à valorização estética do universo cultural africano e afro-brasileiro, reconhecendo a África como uma das matrizes legítimas da cultura humana, em geral, e da brasileira, em particular. Conclusão- a pedagogia da (re) construção da identidade negra na Escola Mãe Hilda pode contribuir para a desconstrução dos distúrbios identitários; sendo assim, recomendada para escolas em Salvador-Bahia e em outras regiões do Brasil. ABSTRACT: Objective- study Escola Mãe Hilda (EMH - Mother Hilda School) contribution to the affirmation of an African-Brazilian identity in Bahia’s black student population. In particular: a) understand EMH’s pedagogical and curricula core; b) analyze teaching materials used at EMH; c) show EMH’s work methodology. Methodology- due to the very nature of this dissertation’s basic inquiry, ethnography in nature qualitative research targeted at identity disturbances in its various dimensions regarding African descendents self-esteem was performed. Aspects regarding EMH curriculum and classroom activities were studied. The choice of ethnography as an observation tool followed empirical analysis of whether Ilê Aiyê’s Educational Booklets as adopted by EMH aids students with identity disturbances and how it promotes the development of a black identity in those black descendants. Results- it has been observed that EMH utilizes methodological and pedagogical resources such as: story-telling, written reports, images, objects, dances, music, letters, myths, gestures, legends, craftsmanship, and clothing as vehicles to re-assign students self esteem, as well as, build their critical and self-aware knowledge of black descendants identity. Conclusion.- EMH pedagogical work, by encompassing various types of cultural and artistic expressions, as detailed in the aforementioned booklets, values African and Brazilian-African references. This aesthetic valuation therefore promotes an identity ressignification and the reintegration of the black descendent since it works within the symbolic and cultural universe of the African and African-Brazilian culture recognizing Africa as a legitimate matrix of human culture, in general, and of Brazilian in particular. Conclusively, EMH black identity (re)construction pedagogy can contribute to deconstruct identity disturbances; and as such, can be recommended to be adopted at other schools in Salvador, Bahia and other regions in Brazil.