The East Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Fisheries: Stock Collapse or Recovery?

A discrete time, multi-gear, and age structured bio-economic model is developed for the East Atlantic bluefin tuna fisheries, a paradigmatic example of the difficulties faced in managing highly migratory fish stocks. The model is used to analyse alternative management strategies for the Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (RFMO) managing this fishery, and to investigate some of the policy implications. For the various scenarios, the optimal stock level varies between 500–800,000 tonnes, which compares with a stock level of 150,000 tonnes in 1995. In other words, there is a very strong case for rebuilding the stock. Moreover, the sustainability of the stock is threatened unless a recovery programme is implemented; indeed, the alternative may be stock collapse. Second, to rebuild the stock, Draconian measures are called for: either outright moratoria over fairly lengthy periods, or possibly a more gradual approach to steady state given by a Total Allowable Catch (TAC) at a low level for an extended period of time. Third, the cost of inefficient gear structure is very high indeed.

Colmatando as dificuldades especificas do grupo e com o grupo no jardim de infância

RESUMO: Este trabalho é um relatório de um projecto de investigação-acção, no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências da Educação - Educação Especial: domínio cognitivo e motor. É um trabalho de investigação que pretendeu implicar os vários intervenientes educativos e os próprios pares no desenvolvimento de uma criança, em idade pré-escolar, com atraso global do desenvolvimento e com problemas acentuados ao nível da linguagem, em contexto de sala de aula. Este trabalho foi realizado pela educadora da sala da aula. É um projecto que pretendeu promover o desenvolvimento da linguagem, através de um sistema de comunicação aumentativa, vocabulário Makaton. Este vocabulário foi utilizado por nós e pelas crianças do grupo em sala de aula, pela professora de educação especial, pelos técnicos que dão apoio à criança e pela família da referida criança. Pretendeu-se assim, promover o diálogo, a partilha de conhecimentos e os espaços escolares, entre os vários intervenientes educativos; professores, técnicos e família, com o intuito de desenvolver um trabalho assente em respostas inclusivas dirigidas à criança, aos seus pares e à sua família. Da partilha de conhecimentos e opiniões, resultou um trabalho para o grupo e com o grupo do jardim de infância. ABSTRACT:This work is one report of an action research project within the Master’s Degree in Educational Sciences - Special Education: motor and cognitive domain. It is a research project that seeks to highlight the role of the educational actors in the development of a child in preschool, with global developmental delay, with problems more pronounced at the level of language, in the context of the classroom. This work was carried out by the educator's classroom is a project that aims to promote language development through an augmentative communication system, Makaton vocabulary. This vocabulary was used by us and by the group of children in the classroom, the teacher of special education, by giving technical support to the child and the family of that child. It was intended thus to promote dialogue, knowledge sharing and school spaces between the various educational actors, teachers, coaches and family in order to develop a work based on inclusive responses directed to the child, their peers and his family . Sharing knowledge and opinions resulted in a job for the group and the group of kindergarten.