Appraisal of urban rehabilitation literature and projects, including a glossary of terms and a preliminary set of indicators characterising LUDA

LUDA is a research project of Key Action 4 "City of Tomorrow & Cultural Heritage" of the programme "Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development" within the Fifth Framework Programme of the European Commission

Criatividade e estilos parentais em crianças do 4º ano de escolaridade

RESUMO: A História demonstra que a criatividade tem sido uma constante da actividade humana constituindo-se como o motor da vida de qualquer comunidade (Urban, 1996). Diversas pesquisas em Psicologia demonstram a importância da interacção parental e dos estilos educativos utilizados pelos pais no desenvolvimento das crianças (Darling, 1999). Os estilos parentais exercem uma influência importante na expressão da criatividade das crianças, tendo as famílias um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento dessas capacidades criativas (Wu, 2008). Esta investigação pretende estudar a relação entre a criatividade e os estilos parentais em crianças do 4º ano de escolaridade, esperando-se que crianças submetidas a um estilo parental autoritário apresentem níveis inferiores de criatividade. A amostra é constituída por 236 alunos com idades compreendidas entre os 8-12 anos. Na avaliação da criatividade foi utilizado o TCT-DP (Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production) de Urban e Jellen (1986) e na avaliação dos estilos parentais foi aplicado o API (Índice de Parentalidade Autorizado) de C. Jackson, L. Henriksen e V. Foshee (1998), adaptado para a população portuguesa por M. Gaspar e M. Alarcão em 2003. Foi ainda aplicado o questionário sócio-demográfico. Verificou-se que não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os níveis de criatividade em função dos estilos parentais considerados, não confirmando a hipótese colocada. ABSTRACT: History shows that creativity has been a constant of human activity constituting itself as the engine of life of any community (Urban, 1996). Several studies in psychology show the importance of parental interaction and the educational practices used by parents on children's development (Darling, 1999). Parenting styles are considered to be an important influence on the expression of creativity of children, and the families have a fundamental role in the development of these creative abilities (Wu, 2008). This research aims to study the relationship between creativity and parenting styles in children of fourth grade, it is expected that children under an authoritarian parenting style have lower levels of creativity. The sample comprises 236 students aged between 8-12 years. In the assessment of creativity was used TCT-DP (Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production) by Urban and Jellen (1986) and in the assessment of parenting style was applied the API Index (Authoritative Parenting Index) of C. Jackson, L. Henriksen and V. Foshee (1998), adapted to portuguese sample by M. Gaspar and M. Alarcão in 2003. It was also applied the socio-demographic questionnaire. It wasn’t found any statistically significant differences between the levels of creativity considering the parenting styles studied, not confirming the hypothesis.

Building the Directorate General for Urban Affairs in European Union. A proposal for the European Commission

The present documents get together reflection elements that allow sustaining the irreversibility of the process that leads to the creation of a Directorate General for Urban AffairsThe irreversibility of this process results of the assumed necessity to implement the cooperation between Member-States in respect to the urban and territorial development policy. It is time, with vision, to assume the urgency to create, as well, in this area an European joint policy and which are the necessary structures for its definition and implementation within the EU framework. O Directorate General for Urban Affairs deverá articular-se em particular com o Comité Económico e Social e com o Comité das RegiõesThe present text is based essentially on political documents on urban and territorial affairs elaborated in the extent of the EU and in the general guideline documents produced by the EU, which favor social, economic and territorial integration.