Molecular dynamics computer simulation of scratch resistance testing of polymers: visualization

Experimental scratch resistance testing provides two numbers: the penetration depth Rp and the healing depth Rh. In molecular dynamics computer simulations, we create a material consisting of N statistical chain segments by polymerization; a reinforcing phase can be included. Then we simulate the movement of an indenter and response of the segments during X time steps. Each segment at each time step has three Cartesian coordinates of position and three of momentum. We describe methods of visualization of results based on a record of 6NX coordinates. We obtain a continuous dependence on time t of positions of each of the segments on the path of the indenter. Scratch resistance at a given location can be connected to spatial structures of individual polymeric chains.

Thermal skin reference values in healthy late pregnancy

Digital thermal imaging has been employed in medicine for over 50 years. However, its use has been focused on vascular, musculoskeletal and neurological conditions, while other potential applications,such as obstetrics, have been much less explored. This paper presents a study conducted during 2011 at the Hospital of Braga on a group of healthy pregnant women in the last third of gestation. The analysis focused on characterizing typical pregnant women steady temperature profiles in specific defined regions of interest (ROI), and determining if the thermal symmetry values for late pregnant healthy women are in line with the values for non-pregnant healthy women. A temperature distribution pattern was found in the defined ROI. The obtained thermal symmetry value had a maximum of 0.370.2 1C, and there was no evidence for the influence of age (p40.05) in the observed group. The influence of the BMI requires further investigation since one ROI (P2 right) presented a p¼0.059, close to the threshold of statistical evidence in the influence of BMI. The study group presented symmetry values in line with non-pregnant reference values, but the profiles in temperature distribution are different. Assumptions can therefore now be used with higher confidence when assessing abnormalities in specific pathologic states during pregnancy using the defined ROI. This work represents a first contribution towards establishing guidelines for future research in this specific field of study.

«Corruption» and social and economic criminal law: criminology, criminal policy, political science and law&economics - a new idea about criminal liability of legal entities

Abstract: If we think there is a significant number of legal offshore in the globalized world, then there is not even a global consensus about what «corruption» is. The «illegal corruption» in a country may be legal in another. Moreover, the great global corruption is above the law or above democratic States. And not all democratic States are «Rule of Law». Therefore, the solution is global earlier in time and space law, democratic, free and true law. While the human being does not reach a consensus of what «corruption» really is, the discussion will not go further than a caricature. One of the other problems about «corruption» is that it is very difficult to establish the imputation of crimes, including «corruption» (v.g. Portugal) on some «companies», corporations. We have a juridical problem in the composition of the art. 11. of the Portuguese Penal Code.

Motivation and Benefits of Implementation and Certification according ISO 9001 – the Portuguese Experience

The aim of the research is to analyze the different aspects associated with the motivation and benefits of certified ISO 9001 companies in Portugal. A total of 426 certified Portuguese companies were surveyed. The response rate was equal to 61.03 percent. Our results suggest that the main motivation for certification were “improvement of quality”, “improvement of company image”, “marketing advantage”, “give empowerment to workers / capturing workers knowledge” and “cost reduction”. The main benefits that Portuguese companies have gained from the referred certification have been, among others, the improvement of “procedures”, beneficial effect on the “company’s image”, the improvement of quality products/services, increase of the “customer satisfaction”, improvement of “on-time delivery”; improvement the “morale” of workers’ increase in productivity and decrease of “production costs”, among others. The surveyed firms belong only to the Minho region of the north of Portugal. This paper aims to provide a contribution to the research related to the motivation and benefits associated to the quality management systems. The selection of the motives and benefits were validated through statistical analysis and the relationship between expected and perceived benefits was discussed.

A importância da certificação do sistema de gestão ambiental para a melhoria do desempenho das empresas operadoras de resíduos em Portugal

A crescente preocupação e consciencialização do pensamento global, acerca dos problemas ambientais, por sua vez associados à rápida depleção dos recursos naturais, criaram uma forte aliança entre as pressões legais, sociais e políticas e a necessidade das organizações em preservar a sua imagem face a uma opinião pública cada vez mais exigente e atenta a esta problemática. Como resposta a este propósito, diversas organizações e entidades internacionais viram-se forçadas a criar padrões internacionais de qualidade ao nível ambiental. Nessa medida, a International Organization for Standardization (ISO) criou a família de normas ISO14000 como forma de procurar garantir aos legisladores, aos clientes e ao público em geral, produtos e/ou serviços ambientalmente mais sustentáveis. Para as empresas e organizações, este combinado de normas surge como uma ferramenta estratégica capaz de proporcionar a identificação, controlo e a melhoria contínua do seu desempenho ambiental. Por outras palavras, visam a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) mais eficiente. Atendendo a este contexto, a implementação da ISO 14001, e respetiva certificação, têm vindo a adquirir uma importância crescente dentro das organizações. Motivo pelo qual este trabalho teve como objetivo primordial estudar e avaliar a relevância da certificação através da norma ISO 14001 no sistema de gestão ambiental das empresas operadoras de resíduos em Portugal. O resultado deste estudo contribuiu para edificar o conhecimento dos motivos que levam as empresas a adotar esta norma, identificar os benefícios e dificuldades daí resultantes, bem como avaliar possíveis impactos na melhoria contínua do desempenho por parte das organizações, após a obtenção da certificação ambiental. Para almejar tal objetivo, realizou-se uma análise dos resultados obtidos através da aplicação de dois inquéritos por questionário, constituídos por questões autoresposta que fizeram face ao objetivo do estudo e que permitiram dar resposta ao mesmo. O inquérito por questionário, direcionado às empresas, foi enviado à totalidade das empresas operadoras de resíduos em Portugal, certificadas segundo a referida norma. A amostra estudada foi constituída por 22 empresas. A análise aos inquéritos por questionário direcionado aos colaboradores destas mesmas empresas decorreu de 429 inquéritos válidos. Sendo a aplicação dos mesmos efetuada via correio CTT, durante os meses de dezembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014 e a respetiva análise com recurso ao Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Tornou-se, ainda, possível efetuar um conjunto de recomendações destinadas a orientar e facilitar o processo de adoção de sistemas de gestão ambiental neste setor. Conclui-se que a obtenção da certificação ambiental é potenciada pela melhoria da imagem pública da empresa e a melhoria do desempenho ambiental da mesma. Esta melhoria reflete-se no aumento das preocupações ambientais, ou seja, a minimização/eliminação dos impactos ambientais decorrentes das atividades destas organizações. No entanto, e apesar da possibilidade de obtenção de benefícios e ganhos esperados, entre os quais se incluem o aumento da consciencialização sobre os impactos ambientais entre os funcionários, a melhoria no desempenho da empresa e a influência positiva em algum processo de gestão interno (melhoria na otimização dos fluxos processuais), convém destacar que o processo poderá ser dificultado pelo aumento da quantidade de documentação interna da empresa, pela exigência de uma elevada formação pessoal dos colaboradores e pelas dificuldades inerentes ao próprio cumprimento da legislação ambiental. Mais do que explicar quais os fenómenos que levam as empresas a convergir na adoção de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental, este estudo releva que as empresas detentoras da certificação ambiental exercem uma cultura ambiental que possibilita influenciar os colaboradores acerca das decisões a albergar em relação às práticas ambientais do quotidiano.

Comparative analysis between statistical and artificial intelligence models in business failure prediction

A growing number of predicting corporate failure models has emerged since 60s. Economic and social consequences of business failure can be dramatic, thus it is not surprise that the issue has been of growing interest in academic research as well as in business context. The main purpose of this study is to compare the predictive ability of five developed models based on three statistical techniques (Discriminant Analysis, Logit and Probit) and two models based on Artificial Intelligence (Neural Networks and Rough Sets). The five models were employed to a dataset of 420 non-bankrupt firms and 125 bankrupt firms belonging to the textile and clothing industry, over the period 2003–09. Results show that all the models performed well, with an overall correct classification level higher than 90%, and a type II error always less than 2%. The type I error increases as we move away from the year prior to failure. Our models contribute to the discussion of corporate financial distress causes. Moreover it can be used to assist decisions of creditors, investors and auditors. Additionally, this research can be of great contribution to devisers of national economic policies that aim to reduce industrial unemployment.

Comparative Analysis between Statistical and Artificial Intelligence Models in Business Failure Prediction

A growing number of predicting corporate failure models has emerged since 60s. Economic and social consequences of business failure can be dramatic, thus it is not surprise that the issue has been of growing interest in academic research as well as in business context. The main purpose of this study is to compare the predictive ability of five developed models based on three statistical techniques (Discriminant Analysis, Logit and Probit) and two models based on Artificial Intelligence (Neural Networks and Rough Sets). The five models were employed to a dataset of 420 non-bankrupt firms and 125 bankrupt firms belonging to the textile and clothing industry, over the period 2003–09. Results show that all the models performed well, with an overall correct classification level higher than 90%, and a type II error always less than 2%. The type I error increases as we move away from the year prior to failure. Our models contribute to the discussion of corporate financial distress causes. Moreover it can be used to assist decisions of creditors, investors and auditors. Additionally, this research can be of great contribution to devisers of national economic policies that aim to reduce industrial unemployment.