Aplicabilidade do modelo twin peaks á regulaçao financeira em Portugal

A supervisão de um mundo financeiro muito diversificado e complexo tornou-se uma prioridade e um assunto em destaque desde o despoletar da crise financeira em 2007. O relatório de Larosiere(2009), que surge a pedido da União Europeia, defende que o Twin Peaks é o modelo que melhor resposta pode dar ao mundo financeiro globalizado, complexo e interligado. Este relatório esteve mesmo na base da nova estrutura da supervisão da União Europeia. Por outro lado, acabou por motivar as alterações nos Estados-membros que já estavam em curso, como é o caso do Reino Unido que terminou, em 2013, o processo de adoção de um modelo de supervisão por objetivos. a Holanda já desde 2007 que odotou o Twin Peaks e é a garnde referencia europeia da aplicabilidade do modelo. Protugal procura acompanhar os requesitos da supervisão da Uniao Europeia, ainda com mais atenção, após os escândalos de fraude no setor bancário Portugues. Portugal, que mantem ainda hoje um Modelo Setorial já com alguns ajustamentos, lançou uma consulta publica sobre a proposta de alteração do atual modelo para o Twin Peaks. O estado de emergência financeira em que o pais entrou adiou a discussão sobre esse tema, nunca se concretizou a sua adoção até á data. O presente trabalho visa analisr, por um lado, a efetiva aplicabilidade deste Modelo no sistema financeiro português, extraindo as alterações que implicaria e as vantagens e desvantagens da sai implementação, utilizando como base comparativa os modelos implementados na Holanda e, mais recentemente, no Reino Unido. O modelo Twin Peaks proposto tem grandes semelhancas com o Holandes,criando atraves do Conselho Nacional de Supervisores Financeiros o elo de ligacao entre os restantes agentes de forma assegurar o sucesso na definicao dos objetivos e interligados (fator critico para o sucesso do modelo).Efetivamente,os fatores que justificaram a alteracao do Modelo na Holanda e Reino Unido estao presents,na sua maioria,na economia portuguesa. Na literature, encontramos diversos fatores que validam a aplicacao do Modelo Twin Peaks a regulacao financeira portuguesa, nao obstante levantaram/se ainda reservas quanto a validadedacapacidade de interligacao de uma Europa com um modelo cada vez mais sectorial com os estados membros protocolados ao Twin peaks e a capacidade de definicao de objetivos e amplitude de atuacao de cada agente nacional.

Automatic prebent customized prosthesis for pectus excavatum minimally invasive surgery correction

Pectus excavatum is the most common deformity of the thorax. A minimally invasive surgical correction is commonly carried out to remodel the anterior chest wall by using an intrathoracic convex prosthesis in the substernal position. The process of prosthesis modeling and bending still remains an area of improvement. The authors developed a new system, i3DExcavatum, which can automatically model and bend the bar preoperatively based on a thoracic CT scan. This article presents a comparison between automatic and manual bending. The i3DExcavatum was used to personalize prostheses for 41 patients who underwent pectus excavatum surgical correction between 2007 and 2012. Regarding the anatomical variations, the soft-tissue thicknesses external to the ribs show that both symmetric and asymmetric patients always have asymmetric variations, by comparing the patients’ sides. It highlighted that the prosthesis bar should be modeled according to each patient’s rib positions and dimensions. The average differences between the skin and costal line curvature lengths were 84 ± 4 mm and 96 ± 11 mm, for male and female patients, respectively. On the other hand, the i3DExcavatum ensured a smooth curvature of the surgical prosthesis and was capable of predicting and simulating a virtual shape and size of the bar for asymmetric and symmetric patients. In conclusion, the i3DExcavatum allows preoperative personalization according to the thoracic morphology of each patient. It reduces surgery time and minimizes the margin error introduced by the manually bent bar, which only uses a template that copies the chest wall curvature.

Carbon Nanofiber Type and Content Dependence of the Physical Properties of Carbon Nanofiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

The variation of the physical properties of four differ- ent carbon nanofibers (CNFs), based-polymer nano- composites incorporated in the same polypropylene (PP) matrix by twin-screw extrusion process was investigated. Nanocomposites fabricated with CNFs with highly graphitic outer layer revealed electrical isolation-to-conducting behaviors as function of CNF’s content. Nanocomposites fabricated with CNFs with an outer layer consisting on a disordered pyro- litically stripped layer, in contrast, revealed better mechanical performance and enhanced thermal sta- bility. Further, CNF’s incorporation into the polymer increased the thermal stability and the degree of crystallinity of the polymer, independently on the filler content and type. In addition, dispersion of the CNFs’ clusters in PP was analyzed by transmitted light opti- cal microscopy, and grayscale analysis (GSA). The results showed a correlation between the filler concentration and the variance, a parameter which measures quantitatively the dispersion, for all composites. This method indicated a value of 1.4 vol% above which large clusters of CNFs cannot be dispersed effectively and as a consequence only slight changes in mechanical performance are observed. Finally, this study establishes that for tailoring the physical properties of CNF based-polymer nanocomposites, both adequate CNFs structure and content have to be chosen.

Automatic prebent customized prosthesis for pectus excavatum minimally invasive surgery correction

Pectus excavatum is the most common deformity of the thorax. A minimally invasive surgical correction is commonly carried out to remodel the anterior chest wall by using an intrathoracic convex prosthesis in the substernal position. The process of prosthesis modeling and bending still remains an area of improvement. The authors developed a new system, i3DExcavatum, which can automatically model and bend the bar preoperatively based on a thoracic CT scan. This article presents a comparison between automatic and manual bending. The i3DExcavatum was used to personalize prostheses for 41 patients who underwent pectus excavatum surgical correction between 2007 and 2012. Regarding the anatomical variations, the soft-tissue thicknesses external to the ribs show that both symmetric and asymmetric patients always have asymmetric variations, by comparing the patients’ sides. It highlighted that the prosthesis bar should be modeled according to each patient’s rib positions and dimensions. The average differences between the skin and costal line curvature lengths were 84 ± 4 mm and 96 ± 11 mm, for male and female patients, respectively. On the other hand, the i3DExcavatum ensured a smooth curvature of the surgical prosthesis and was capable of predicting and simulating a virtual shape and size of the bar for asymmetric and symmetric patients. In conclusion, the i3DExcavatum allows preoperative personalization according to the thoracic morphology of each patient. It reduces surgery time and minimizes the margin error introduced by the manually bent bar, which only uses a template that copies the chest wall curvature.

Automatic prebent customized prosthesis for pectus excavatum minimally invasive surgery correction

Pectus excavatum is the most common deformity of the thorax. A minimally invasive surgical correction is commonly carried out to remodel the anterior chest wall by using an intrathoracic convex prosthesis in the substernal position. The process of prosthesis modeling and bending still remains an area of improvement. The authors developed a new system, i3DExcavatum, which can automatically model and bend the bar preoperatively based on a thoracic CT scan. This article presents a comparison between automatic and manual bending. The i3DExcavatum was used to personalize prostheses for 41 patients who underwent pectus excavatum surgical correction between 2007 and 2012. Regarding the anatomical variations, the soft-tissue thicknesses external to the ribs show that both symmetric and asymmetric patients always have asymmetric variations, by comparing the patients’ sides. It highlighted that the prosthesis bar should be modeled according to each patient’s rib positions and dimensions. The average differences between the skin and costal line curvature lengths were 84 ± 4 mm and 96 ± 11 mm, for male and female patients, respectively. On the other hand, the i3DExcavatum ensured a smooth curvature of the surgical prosthesis and was capable of predicting and simulating a virtual shape and size of the bar for asymmetric and symmetric patients. In conclusion, the i3DExcavatum allows preoperative personalization according to the thoracic morphology of each patient. It reduces surgery time and minimizes the margin error introduced by the manually bent bar, which only uses a template that copies the chest wall curvature.